tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-70358424826574975492024-02-08T08:11:13.708-08:00College essay writer for payCause And Effect Essay Topics Psychologyamywallace1920http://www.blogger.com/profile/03978755181407357959noreply@blogger.comBlogger36125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7035842482657497549.post-55925163101374464862020-08-23T01:42:00.001-07:002020-08-23T01:42:06.638-07:00Standardized Testing Essay examples -- Standardized Testing Essaysamywallace1920http://www.blogger.com/profile/03978755181407357959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7035842482657497549.post-46919797220659232422020-08-21T23:24:00.001-07:002020-08-21T23:24:11.880-07:00Web based Health Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 wordsOnline Health Care - Essay Example Destinations need to pursue the HONcode to guarantee that they follow the eight standards of this code. Through this then people can look at for the red and blue seal of the HONcode on the sites they visit to search for data on various wellbeing conditions. One case of a site is the American Diabetes affiliation that gives nonstop consideration to the diabetes patients and empowers others to find out about the administration, determination and manifestations of diabetes. It likewise prompts people on what to eat and what nourishments to dodge by giving out plans. The primary target of this site is to fix and forestall diabetes and to improve the lives of the considerable number of people influenced by diabetes. The eight standards of the HONcode involve: the authority of the information gave, data protection and privacy; exact attribution of sources; the straightforwardness of financial sponsorship; the centrality of clearly isolating publication content from publicizing; complimentary information that doesn't supplant yet underpins the patient-specialist relationship, and back up attestations concerning execution and advantages. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) site is one of the destinations that are keeping the eight guidelines of the HON code. In definitive, when the website distributes a diary about diabetes and made accessible online for people to get to it and advantage from the data, the creators of the diaries and their capabilities are constantly shown. Moreover, the locales stays with the third code which is protection, since if a guest shares data online to the website, the webpage doesn't let the data known to any client of the website as it guarantees the data is made private and classified. Likewise, if data has been gained from different sources, the site guarantees that it has incorporated the references, the page of the diary from where the data was recovered, and the date the diary was distributed. Through this, the site is attempting to amywallace1920http://www.blogger.com/profile/03978755181407357959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7035842482657497549.post-69455779012200634152020-07-12T10:00:00.001-07:002020-07-12T10:00:03.309-07:00Why the MLA Essay is So ImportantWhy the MLA Essay is So ImportantIf you are looking for an easy way to get into a better school for medical career training, then the MLA essay should be one of your first choices. The essay is very popular and is held in high regard because it does a great job of presenting the facts and information that will help a student to build a strong foundation for the future. In this article, I will discuss why the MLA essay is so important, what the format is like, and how it can help you.The purpose of the MLA essay is to present the information and facts that will lead the reader to the goal of pursuing a career in the medical field. This might be a career as a primary care physician, or perhaps as a senior level analyst, doctor of osteopathy, or even as a specialist in a specific specialty. The goal is to help the reader understand the medical profession and how it works.You may be wondering how the MLA essay actually works, and what it consists of. The format of the essay is quite stra ightforward. There are two parts: the introduction and the body. The introduction is very important because it introduces the reader to the topic of the essay. In addition, the introduction should contain information about the institution that approved the essay, as well as the actual medical organization and career path.The body of the MLA essay consists of your summary, which should provide a succinct summary of the material presented in the introduction. The summary should include a bit of information about yourself and why you were selected to write the essay. The summary should not be too long, and it should be noted that there is a limit on the length of your summary.The most basic format for the essay is a paragraph. Each paragraph should be written as a separate essay, and it should be noted that each paragraph is different from the next. It is best to write a paragraph in the first person and the paragraph in the third person. When writing a paragraph, it is good to have a set of rules in mind, such as: first, introduce the topic; second, provide an overview of the material presented; third, provide information on yourself; and fourth, summarize the information you have provided.The style of the MLA essay is quite simple. Many people write their sentences on the first or second person, but others prefer to write in the third person. Whether you choose to write in the first or third person, you should always maintain a regular cadence to keep the content flowing.If you are writing the essay for an exam, it is best to practice in front of a mirror, or a friend, to make sure that you are writing clearly and as concisely as possible. The idea is to write as clear and concisely as possible, so that when you finally sit down to write the essay, you will do so clearly and effortlessly.It is certainly not necessary to use the MLA format in order to have a successful essay. There are a variety of essay formats, and it is certainly possible to write a powerful essay using a variety of formats. However, the format of the MLA essay will help you to be more focused and organized, and will give you a solid foundation for the rest of your career. amywallace1920http://www.blogger.com/profile/03978755181407357959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7035842482657497549.post-4737178369951877502020-05-20T04:42:00.001-07:002020-05-20T04:42:03.347-07:00The Killer Angels Essay examples - 1035 Words The Killer Angels Mine eyes have seen the glory . . . The spy was the first to see the Union army march through the valley. He noted that the army was moving fast and marching in extreme heat. His intentions now were to return and report this information to the General Robert E. Lee. Lieutenant General James Longstreet received him back at camp, and the spy let him know of the information, which he had obtained. Longstreet found it useful information to pass on to Lee. Both Lee and Longstreet were skeptical of this information, but if the spy was right they would be in extreme danger. After viewing the map, Lee decided to go ahead and move his army towards Gettysburg, which would be the direction in which the Union army wouldâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦All he needed to do was hold the hill till morning when reinforcements would arrive. Wednesday, July 1st, 1863 . . . of the coming of the Lord On this morning Lee spoke with Longstreet, about how he would like for him to stay behind in the battle so that he would not lose him. Longstreet agreed but also brought notice to Lee about the Union cavalry was already in Gettysburg. Lee was caught by surprise; being told earlier that only militia was seen there. Lee reported that it was John Buford, and that infantry was soon to come if the cavalry was already there. Longstreet thought of taking the defensive end and waiting for Buford to attack. Lee on the other hand disagreed with the defensive tactic and wanted to attack Buford. Of course Lee was above Longstreet and would get his way. Buford woke in the morning only to smile and smirk as he heard General Heths men trying to put up a fight and take his hill. He was not worried of Heth, but worried of what was to arrive behind Heth. Buford knew that if Lee were to arrive and attack, then he would lose the battle and also the hill on which he stood. Major General Reynolds arrived shortly after the battles that were going on that morning. Buford was very glad to see him and his infantry. Later that day in another short battle, Buford caught a glimpse of Reynolds as he rode into battle, only to later turn and see Reynolds dead on the ground. The battle stillShow MoreRelatedEssay On Killer Angels1776 Words à |à 8 PagesKiller Angels is a 1974 historical novel by Michael Shaara. The book tells the story of the Battle of Gettysburg in the American Civil War. The novel is told through the voices of both Union army and Confederate Army of Northern Virginia leaders who were in battle there. The novel is laid out in days and each new chapter for the day gives a number and the name of the man who is the focus of the chapter. In Killer Angels, the Army of Northern Virginiaââ¬â¢s demise is highlighted by a few different featuresRead More Killer Angels Essay2541 Words à |à 11 Pages The Killer Angels The Battle of Gettysburg brought the dueling North and South together to the small town of Gettysburg and on the threshold of splitting the Union. Gettysburg was as close as the United States got to Armageddon and The Killer Angels gives the full day-to-day account of the battle that shaped Americaââ¬â¢s future. Michael Shaara tells the story of the Battle of Gettysburg through the eyes of the generals and men involved in the action of the battle. The historical account of the BattleRead MoreKiller Angels Essay714 Words à |à 3 PagesKiller Angels The pain, joy, bloodshed, death, and sorrow of the Civil War are all contained in the book called, The Killer Angels. This book will show you the thoughts, feelings and actions of many of the leaders of both armies. By reading this book you will get an in depth view of the bloodiest days of the Civil War. Even if you know absolutely nothing about this war, you can still read and understand everything that is portrayed. This story not only gives you the view of many of theRead MoreThe Killer Angels By Michael Shaara1634 Words à |à 7 PagesAuthor Background Pulitzer Prize-winning author Michael Shaara, the author of The Killer Angels, was born on June 23, 1928 in Jersey City, New Jersey. He was an author of science fiction, sports fiction, and historical fiction. 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The Confederate officers include:Read MoreThe Killer Angels Book Review1641 Words à |à 7 PagesKatie Cline The Killer Angels Book Review June 21, 2012 The Killer Angels by Michael Shaara: The Random House Publishing Group, New York, 1974. The Killer Angels is a stunning recollection of the telltale battle of the Civil War: the Battle of Gettysburg. Set from June 29 to July 3, 1863 and told from the vantage points of several soldiers and commanding officers from both sides, including Lee, Longstreet, and Chamberlain, Michael Shaara effectively paints a picture of the war that divided AmericaRead MoreThe Killer Angels By Michael Shaara1206 Words à |à 5 PagesShawn Gacy American Lit. Mrs. Moyer September 11, 2015 Summer Reading The book I chose to read over the summer was the book The Killer Angels, by Michael Shaara. The Killer Angels tells the story of the Battle of Gettysburg. On July 1, 1863, the Confederate army, and the Union army, fought the largest battle of the American Civil War. When the battle ended, fifty one thousand men were KIA (Killed In Action), wounded, or MIA (Missing in Action). All the characters in this book are basedRead MoreThe Killer Angels By Michael Shaara1061 Words à |à 5 PagesThe Killer Angels is a novel written by Michael Shaara which tells the story of the four day battle of Gettysburg from June 30 and ended July 3, 1863.There were two armies in the novel the Union and the Confederate soliders who eneded up fighting in a town called Gettysburg located in Pennsylvania. In the novel, there are four major characters who were all Generals, General Lee, General Longstreet, General Pickett, and Colonel Chamberlain.The main cause of the war was the confederate wanting to splitRead MoreThe Killer Angels By Michael Shaara1117 Words à |à 5 Pages Michael Shaaraââ¬â¢s 1974 historical novel, The Killer Angels, covers the story of the four days of the Battle of Gettysburg that also features maps for visualization. The format of the story is well organized. It begins with a Foreword, which describes in great detail the armies and soldiers involved in the battle. It follows up with four sections and within each section there are chapters that are written in chronological order, covering the events between Monday, June 29, 1863 and Friday, July 3Read MoreThe Killer Angels By Michael Shaara1947 Words à |à 8 Pagesthe dueling North and South together to the small town of Gettysburg and on the threshold of splitting the Union. Gettysburg was as close as the United States got to Armageddon and The Killer Angels gives this full day-to-day account of the battle that shaped Americaââ¬â¢s future. Michael Shaara author of ââ¬Å"The Killer Angels,â⬠tells the story of the Battle of Gettysburg through the eyes of generals Robe rt E. Lee, Joshua Chamberlain, James Longstreet, and John Buford, and the other men involved in the action amywallace1920http://www.blogger.com/profile/03978755181407357959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7035842482657497549.post-11846411296070339592020-05-06T23:01:00.001-07:002020-05-06T23:01:23.358-07:00The Economic Impact Of Illegal Immigration - 1603 Words Abstract This paper examines the economic impact of illegal immigration in the United States. This country was built with the help of millions of legally admitted immigrants, however today illegal immigration is a controversial topic. Despite the illegal status, millions of men and women work and contribute to local, state and national economies. An accepted idea is that most of the illegal immigrants cross the Mexico-US border, therefore most of the illegal immigrants should be Mexicans or from South America. Is this true? Are there official numbers confirming this impression? Another relevant question is if the illegal immigrants leave their countries with the only intention of work and make a decent living, or they have other intentions coming to America? If millions of people want to work then it is undeniable that such a large work force would have an impact in the countryââ¬â¢s social structure and especially in the economy. Economic Impact of Illegal Immigration in the United States As an adult immigrant I had the opportunity to experience what it is to leave my country and come to America with dreams, hopes and ambitions. I had the opportunity to stay and become a citizen, with the intention of being a productive member of this society. However many immigrants entered the country illegally or they remain in the country longer than allowed. They are known as illegal immigrant, illegal aliens, illegals or undocumented immigrants. Even though some people claim technicalShow MoreRelatedThe Economic Impact Of Illegal Immigration1520 Words à |à 7 Pagessection-04 November 19, 2014 Illegal immigration Economic impact of illegal immigration The idea of illegal immigrants has been tarnished by the media. The first thought that pops in to our minds when the topic of illegal immigrants has been brought up is the fact that these people take all the jobs and depress the economy of a country. They have always carried with them a negative connotation, especially in countries like America. This conservative view of illegal immigration has hijacked the minds ofRead MoreThe Economic Impact Of Illegal Immigration902 Words à |à 4 PagesThe economic impact of illegal immigrants in Texas has brought concerns for the state s economy. Such as opportunities, health care, and education. Illegal immigrants contribute both positively and negatively to the Texas economy. They contribute positively by paying for taxes such as sales taxes, health taxes and taxes imposed on items. The negative impacts these immigrants have on the Texas economy seems to overweigh these positive impacts. Their presence has made general wages go down for unqua lifiedRead MoreIllegal Immigrants Are Good For The Economy Of The United States1250 Words à |à 5 PagesStates, the country has attracted immigrants from different parts of the world. Illegal immigrants form the larger proportion of the immigrants into the United States. Policy analysts, government officials, as well as scholars have sought to ascertain the political, social, and economic impacts of the illegal immigrants (Hanson 11). Particularly, there has been raging debate regarding the economic impact of illegal immigration to the United States of America. It has become a matter of debate and studyRead MoreImmigration On The United States1302 Words à |à 6 PagesImmigration Rights in the U.S. Immigration has occurred in the U.S. for for many years. Some say itââ¬â¢s the foundation of our country. America is the country where people leave their own country to live. People would leave due to mistreatment, hunger issues or job opportunities. America is known for starting over or accomplishing dreams, so immigrants travel over to follow those dreams. People emigrate from one country to another for a variety of complex reasons. Some are forced to move, due to conflictRead MoreWhat I Learned From The Group Project On The United States Illegally By Their Parents Should Be Deported Essay1575 Words à |à 7 Pagescitizenship which is in opposition to my thoughts. My view for path to citizenship is based more on impacts to the children and ensuring they are not negative. What surprised me first and foremost was that the research didnââ¬â¢t provide me a clear answer that supported or refuted my view. There is no clear answer, both sides have valid opinions, and there wil l be both negative and positive impacts. No matter what course of action is taken, the most important consequence is that the children are notRead MoreOpen Border Policy and Illegal Immigration1844 Words à |à 7 Pagesï » ¿Open Border Policy and Illegal Immigration Introduction Immigration is one of the contentious issues that continue to elicit mixed reactions from different parties. In most western economies, debates on immigration policies have been on the rise in the recent decades. Whereas the international human rights have confirmed that freedom of movement is one of the basic human rights and hence no one can be deprived, most governments have put restrictions on immigration. Furthermore, the enactmentRead MoreEvaluating Arguments, Opinions, And Beliefs Project Essay1633 Words à |à 7 Pagescitizenship which is in opposition to my thoughts. My view for path to citizenship is based more on impacts to the children and ensuring they are not negative. What surprised me first and foremost was that the research didnââ¬â¢t provide me a clear answer that supported or refuted my view. There is no clear answer, both sides have valid opinions, and there will be both negative and positive impacts. No matter what course of action is taken, the most important consequence I learned is that the childrenRead MoreIllegal Immigration And The United States1481 Words à |à 6 PagesPurpose Statement Illegal immigration can cause substantial tension on the current economic configuration in a country. However, it can also, assist the said configurations by providing cheap and effective manpower at the same time. Contemporary study on political opinions concerning immigration frequently pits points of view highlighting economic self-interest versus cultural or ideological rationalization. They (studies) are also based on the particular immigration policy at hand at the time,Read MoreThe Devastating Impacts Of Illegal Immigration1368 Words à |à 6 PagesDevastating Impacts of Illegal Immigrationâ⬠If ever there was a polarizing problem growing in the U.S., illegal immigration is definitely exploding to the top. This issue is at the center of the political arena and debate. It has the heart and minds of the nation stirring. President Obama wrote, We have to deal with the 11 million individuals who are here illegally. We all agree that these men and women should have to earn their way to citizenship. But for comprehensive immigration reform toRead MoreDo Illegal workers help or hurt the economy1582 Words à |à 7 Pagesï » ¿Do Illegal Workers Help or Hurt the Economy? While growing up in Mexico, I heard many stories of people who were going to work in the United States, some illegally, so they could provide a better life for their families. To them, they were going to the land of opportunity, where jobs were plentiful for people who were willing to work hard. They planned to go to the United States and do the work that Americans didnââ¬â¢t want, while getting paid more than they could make in Mexico. Many amywallace1920http://www.blogger.com/profile/03978755181407357959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7035842482657497549.post-29550945697017408452020-05-06T07:24:00.001-07:002020-05-06T07:24:12.824-07:00Do Primates Posses Culture Essay Research Paper free essay sample Make Primates Posses Culture? Essay, Research Paper Writing Assignment One # 8211 ; Do primates posses civilization? I think that if civilization is defined as erudite behaviour, than it is sensible to state that primates posses a signifier of civilization. Primates have been observed doing tools to help in roll uping nutrient and developing communicating system, both of which are learned behaviours. It is common in monkeys, apes and worlds that behaviour and societal organisation aren? t needfully programmed into the cistrons. There have been several instances where an full troop has learned from the experiences of merely a few. In a group of Nipponese macaques, for illustration, a three-year-old female female developed the wont of rinsing soil of of Sweet murphies before she ate them. First her female parent, and so equals and so the full troop started rinsing their murphies excessively. Another macaque troop has a similar experience when a group of dominant males learned to eat wheat. We will write a custom essay sample on Do Primates Posses Culture Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Within an hr, the pattern had spread throughout the full group. Changes in erudite behaviour seem to distribute more rapidly from the top down than from the underside up. For monkeys as for people, the ability to larn is a enormous adaptative advantage, allowing them to avoid fatal errors. Faced with an environmental alteration, primates Dons? Ts have to wait for a familial or physiological response, since learned behaviour and societal forms can be modified. The extended use of tools among Primatess can besides be sited as civilization. Chimpanzees have been observed crumbling up foliages to dunk in H2O than they can non acquire to with their oral cavity and utilizing the foliages as sponges. This sort of pattern goes beyond carnal inherent aptitude. Another extremely developed pattern is? ending? . Chimps carefully choose the right sort of branchlet to examine the white ant hills with. They modify the branchlet by desquamation of f the bark to expose the gluey surface. Then they dig holes with their fingers, stick the branchlet in and angle around until the have adequate white ants on their branchlet to hold a repast. Ending takes clip, and their are many Gombe Pan troglodytess that have neer mastered it. Merely certain types of branchlets will work for the occupation. Besides, one time the branchlet is in the hill and the Pan troglodytes Judgess that the white ants are creeping on its surface, the Pan troglodytes has to rapidly toss the branchlet as he pulls it out so that the white ants are on top, otherwise they would all fall off. The cultural transmittal of a communicating system through acquisition is a cardinal property of linguistic communication. Trained Pan troglodytes? s Washoe and Lucy have tried to learn Ameslan to other animate beings, including their ain progeny. Washoe has taught gestures to other Pan troglodytess at the institute where she is, including her boy, Sequoia, who died when he was really immature. There has been other instances of cultural transmittal from Pan troglodytes to chimp. Chimps and gorillas have at least a simple capacity for langueage. They may neer hold invented a meaningful gesture system in the natural state. However, given a system, they show many human like abilities in acquisition and utilizing it. Of class, linguistic communication usage by apes is a merchandise of human intercession and instruction. The experiments wear? t suggest that apes can contrive linguistic communication. But immature apes have managed to larn the rudimentss of gestures and linguistic communication. Apes, like worlds, may besides seek to learn their linguistic communication to others. Lucy, non to the full recognizing the difference between archpriest custodies and felid paws, one time tried to model her pet cat? s paw into Ameslem marks. There is more than adequate cogent evidence that primates have the capacity to larn behaviour, and efforts to learn it to others. If civilization is defended as erudite behaviour, it seems sensible to propose that primates to hold civilization. amywallace1920http://www.blogger.com/profile/03978755181407357959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7035842482657497549.post-67663584063388405812020-04-23T15:58:00.001-07:002020-04-23T15:58:03.062-07:00Isolation and Analysis of Essential Oils Using Gas Chromatography Essay ExampleIsolation and Analysis of Essential Oils Using Gas Chromatography Paper Isolation and Analysis of Essential Oils using Gas Chromatography Lyndon Justin T. Guzman Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City Date Performed: February 2; February 4, 2011 Date Submitted: February 18, 2011 Abstract The purpose of this experiment is to isolate the essential oil from eucalyptus leaves as a pure compound; moreover, the components of the essential oil, camphor and limonene, will be then separated using gas chromatography technique, identify the components by their retention times, and compute for the concentration and percentage content of each component by their peak areas and peak heights. The volatile oil from eucalyptus leaves was isolated with the use of steam distillation setup, then using a separatory funnel to pipette out the extract from the distillate. A gas chromatography, with nitrogen gas as the carrier gas and a flame ionization detector, was used to separate and characterize the components of the essential oil. The retention times, peak areas, and peak heights were obtained for qualitative and quantitative analysis. A percentage of 0. 05% and 2. 85% were obtained as the content of camphor and limonene in the extracted oil, respectively. It also goes to show that limonene has greater concentration than that of camphor in the essential oil extract. Indeed, steam distillation and gas chromatography techniques are essential methods for extracting essential oils and separating natural compounds from plants. I. Introduction Gas chromatography is used for separations of volatile or reasonably volatile organic liquids and solids. In this method of chromatography, the components are partitioned between a liquid coating on the column (the stationary phase) and an inert gas (the mobile phase). We will write a custom essay sample on Isolation and Analysis of Essential Oils Using Gas Chromatography specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Isolation and Analysis of Essential Oils Using Gas Chromatography specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Isolation and Analysis of Essential Oils Using Gas Chromatography specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The stationary phase for gas chromatography is usually an organic polymer coated on the inside of a tube, such as long capillary, and the mobile phase is an inert gas, such as hydrogen, helium, or nitrogen. (Druelinger, 2000) Figure 1. Schematic diagram of a gas chromatographic system. http://www. cee. vt. edu/ewr/environmental/teach/smprimer/gc/gc. html A small volume (1-10 ? L) of a mixture of volatile substances (usually dissolved in a solvent) is injected by syringe onto a heated column through which an inert carrier gas is flowing. The heat applied, as well as the gas flow, helps the molecules from the sample travel through the column. Smaller, more volatile molecules generally emerge first from the opposite end of the column and are detected. The detector is connected to a recorder/data system, which shows a deflection when a sample passes the detector in proportion to the amount of sample detected. Compounds are eluted through an exit port either in an intact form or as combustion products, depending on the type of detector used. (Druelinger, 2000) The characteristic aromas of plants are due to the volatile oils, or also known as essential oils, which have been used since antiquity as a source of fragrances and flavorings. These oils occur in all living parts of the plant; they are often concentrated in twigs, leaves, flowers, and seeds. Essential oils are generally complex mixtures of hydrocarbons, alcohols, and carbonyl compounds mostly belonging to the broad group of plant products known as terpenes. (Dalrymple and Moore, 1976) One of the many types of samples easily characterized by the technique of gas chromatography is the essential oil. These essential oils are isolated from the plant tissue by steam distillation. Since organic compounds are generally miscible with one another, this phenomenon is usually observed only when one of the liquids is water with one or more immiscible organic liquids; in these cases, the distillation process is called steam distillation (Ault, 1983). The technique of steam distillation is based upon the principle that each component of immiscible liquid mixtures contributes to the total vapor pressure as if the other components were not there (Druelinger et. l. , 2000). As the temperature of such a mixture in an apparatus open to the atmosphere is raised, the vapor pressure of each substance increases until the total vapor pressure equals the pressure of the atmosphere. Since the total vapor pressure is the sum of the individual vapor pressures, the total vapor pressure must become equal to atmospheric pressure at a temperature below the boiling point of either pure substance (Ault, 1983). The mixture thus distills at a temperature below the boiling point of either pure component. This can be explained using a combination of Daltonââ¬â¢s and Raoultââ¬â¢s Law: Patm = XAPà °A + XBPà °B where Patm is the atmospheric pressure, XA and XB are the mole fractions of compounds A and B, and Pà °A and Pà °B are the vapor pressures of pure liquids A and B. Their individual contributions are dependent on their respective mole fractions, and both liquids contribute to the vapor pressure of the system (Institute of Chemistry, UPD, 2010). In this experiment, a major constituent of volatile oils from eucalyptus leaves will be isolated as a pure compound with high purity via steam distillation. These essential oils are camphor and limonene and by using the gas chromatography technique, the different components of the eucalyptus essential oil will be separated. This experiment also aims to manipulate the gas chromatography system and change conditions in order to effectively and efficiently separate the components, and therefore achieve a good resolution. The components will be identified by determination of their retention times relative to those of a homologous series of n-alkanes by co-injection with authentic (standard) samples. II. Methodology Extraction of Essential Oils by Steam Distillation A steam distillation setup was prepared as shown in Figure 2 below (Note 1). The sample (Note 2) was cut into small pieces and an amount enough to fill three-fourths of a 1-L round bottom flask was collected. 400-mL distilled water was weighed and added into the flask. The mixture was steam distilled rapidly until you have about 100 mL of the distillate. Figure 2. Steam distillation setup. http://www. pharmainfo. net/reviews/fractional-distillation-binary-solvent-mixture The distillate was placed in a separatory funnel and 2. 0 g NaCl was added. The funnel was left to stand until separation of layers occurred. All the extract was then pipetted out (Note 3). The mixture was dried by adding enough anhydrous sodium sulfate to the mixture until the sodium sulfate swirled freely. If the entire drying agent clumped, another spatula-full anhydrous sodium sulfate was added. The mixture was then swirled. The mixture was dry if there were no visible signs of water and the drying agent flowed freely in the container. The essential oil and aqueous distillate were stored in separate tightly-sealed, properly-labeled containers (vials) in the freezer for future use in the FT-IR analysis experiment or GC experiment or special project (Note 4). Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Essential Oils Solution Preparation 1. Reference Solution. Separate stock solutions of 500 ppm of camphor and limonene in acetone were prepared. 50-300 ppm working standard solutions were also prepared (50, 100, 150, 200, 250 ppm) (Note 5). 2. Essential Oil Extract. 0. 5 mL of the pure extract (from steam distillation) was measured and diluted with acetone in a 10-mL volumetric flask. Instrumentation Gas chromatography was performed using a Shimadzu GC-14B using Equity 1 (30 m x 0. 25 ? m ID, 0. 25 mm film thickness) capillary column with N2 as a carrier gas. The following were the operating conditions: N2 flow rate| 1. 0 mL/min| Column temperature| initial 50à °C (at 4 mins)| Ramp| 20à °C/min to 210à °C| Injector temperature| 200à °C| Detector temperature| 250à °C| Before the start of the experiment, the GC must have warmed up. Refer to the GC condensed procedure. Gas Chromatographic Analysis 1. 0 ? L of the standard camphor solution was injected and its chromatogram was generated. The procedure was repeated using limonene standard solution. The recorded retention times and peak areas of these substances were noted. 1. 0 ? L of the test solution (essential oil extract) was injected. Using the retention times determined from the chromatogram with the standard solution, the components of the standard solution was located on the chromatogram obtained with the test solution (Note 6). After all solutions have been injected and data computer-processed, the GC was left to run at the highest column temperature used in the experiment with the N2 gas flowing at a slower rate than the experimental flow rate for 15-20 minutes. The injector temperature was set to room temperature and slowly lowered the column temperature down to room temperature with the N2 gas still flowing in the system. Once everything reached room temperature, the gas flow was left to stand for another 10-15 minutes, after which the GC can be turned off. Notes 1. Boiling chips were added to the steam generator and sample flasks. 2. Each group must use different plant samples. 3. There should be two layers after the addition of NaCl solution. One was mostly water. The other was mostly extracted oil. To find out which is which, a small amount of water was added to the flask, whichever layer dissolved the water drop was the aqueous layer. The layer of essential oil was then carefully pipetted out. . If you have to get more of the organic layer out of the water, you can perform a back-extraction (solvent extraction) experiment. 5. All standard and sample solutions were stored in a well-filled, airtight container, protected from light and a temperature not exceeding 25à °C. 6. The assay was not valid unless the number of theoretical plates calculated for the peak due to limonene at 110à °C was at leas t 30000; the resolution between the peaks corresponding to limonene and cineole was at least 1. 5. Waste Disposal All solid wastes were disposed in the trash can. Waste acetone was poured into properly labeled waste container exclusively for acetone. Do not pour waste acetone in the sink! III. Results and Discussion The extraction of the essential oils, camphor and limonene, from the eucalyptus leaves sample was carried out using the steam distillation technique. camphor Figure 3. Structural formulas for camphor and limonene. The boiling point of the oily, aqueous distillate will never exceed the boiling point of water. This is because both water and the oily component each contribute to the total vapor pressure as if the other component was not present. The mixture boils when the combined vapor pressures of water and oil equal the atmospheric pressure. The oil has a small, but significant vapor pressure at 100à °C, so that the boiling point of the mixture will be just below the boiling point of water. (Druelinger, 2000) The mass of the eucalyptus leaves that were extracted was 112. 98 g. 100 mL of the distillate was produced from the steam distillation. Only a small amount of oil was extracted within the distillate by a separatory funnel. The components of the oil sample were then separated and characterized using the gas chromatography technique with a flame ionization detector. Nitrogen gas served as the carrier gas or the mobile phase that moved the sample throughout the column. The chromatograms, plots of detector response versus time, of the standards and the sample were taken. Retention times were noted for qualitative analysis. Peak areas and peak heights were also recorded for and quantitative analysis of the essential oils. Table 1. Retention times of camphor and limonene standard and sample solutions. Solution| Retention Time (min)| pure standard camphor| 9. 021| pure standard limonene| 7. 908| extracted camphor sample| 9. 347| extracted limonene sample| 7. 89| From the given data above for the retention time, the retention time of the camphor and limonene from the standard solutions, 9. 021 min and 7. 908 min, respectively, were close to the retention time of the camphor and limonene with that of the sample solution, 9. 347 min and 7. 889 min. It was deduced that the camphor and limonene from the sample solution were present compounds in the extrac ted oil from eucalyptus leaves. Below is a table shown for the resulted peak areas and peak heights from the chromatograms of camphor and limonene standard solutions. Table 2. Peak areas and peak heights of camphor and limonene standard solutions. Solution| Peak Area| Peak Height| pure standard camphor| 46848| 17109| 50 ppm| 4427| 1113| 150 ppm| 12904| 4627| 200 ppm| 20417| 6065| 250 ppm| 15683| 5282| pure standard limonene| 56156| 20681| 50 ppm| 4419| 1236| 150 ppm| 15058| 4946| 200 ppm| 20464| 6452| 250 ppm| 20875| 5913| Figure 4. Camphor standard solutions vs. Peak area. Figure 5. Camphor standard solutions vs. Peak height. Table 3. Determination of the concentration of camphor component in the sample. Camphor Sample| Value| Concentration (ppm)| Peak Area| 5820| 67. 8| Peak Height| 1544| 61. 57| From the plotted calibration curve on the peak height and peak area for the camphor component, a regression equation is formulated in each curve with linearities almost equal to 1. From the acquired data on peak area and peak height of the camphor sample, the concentration of the camphor is 67. 98 ppm when the peak area is 5820 and 61. 57 ppm when the peak heigh t is 1544. Figure 6. Limonene standard solutions vs. Peak area. Figure 7. Limonene standard solutions vs. Peak height. Table 4. Determination of the concentration of limonene component in the sample. Limonene Sample| Value| Concentration (ppm)| Peak Area| 306384| 2875. 39| Peak Height| 102881| 2943. 95| From the plotted calibration curve on the peak height and peak area for the limonene component, a regression equation is formulated in each curve with linearities also almost equal to 1. From the obtained data on peak and peak height of the limonene sample, the concentration of the limonene is 2875. 39 ppm when the peak area is 306384 and 2943. 95 ppm when the peak height is 102881. To determine the percentage content of the components of the essential oil, the area normalization method is applied. Determining the areas beneath all of the peaks of a chromatogram enables to assign percentages to each of the components of a sample. Table 5. Determination of the percentage content of camphor and limonene sample. Component| Area| Total Area| % Content| camphor| 5820| 10766407| 0. 05%| limonene| 306384| | 2. 85%| Using the formula for area normalization, the computed percentage contents for camphor and limonene are 0. 05% and 2. 85%, respectively. This suggests that there is a greater amount of limonene in the oil extracted from the eucalyptus leaves than that of camphor. The very low percentage implies that extracting and separating natural organic compounds from essential oils give you a very low yield thatââ¬â¢s why you need to have huge amounts of starting material to extract from to get a relatively high percentage of its components. IV. Conclusion In this experiment, the essential oil from eucalyptus leaves was isolated as a pure compound by steam distillation. The components of the eucalyptus essential oil, camphor and limonene, were separated using the gas chromatography technique having a flame ionization detector. The components were also identified through determination of their retention times and were confirmed that camphor and limonene are present, having a retention time of 9. 347 and 7. 889, respectively. Calibration curves on peak areas and peak heights on camphor and limonene were formed. Concentrations of the components were calculated and gave 67. 98 ppm and 61. 57 ppm for camphor, and 2875. 39 ppm and 2943. 95 ppm for limonene. The percentage contents of the components were also determined. The essential oil extracted constituted 0. 5% camphor and 2. 85% limonene. Steam distillation is a useful method for isolating high-boiling liquids, such as oils, from other non-volatile organic compounds, such as waxes, complex fats, proteins, and sugars (Druelinger, 2000). Natural oils can be isolated readily by steam distillation. Individual compounds can be separated from the essential oil by gas chromatography wherein the components of a vaporized sample are separated as a consequence of bei ng partitioned between a mobile gaseous phase and a liquid stationary phase held in a column. Gas chromatography is the most widely used technique for qualitative and quantitative analysis for analysis times are short, very small amounts of sample are required and an ideal tool for the microscale and miniscale organic laboratories. If you want to obtain large percentage of compounds from the extracted essential oil, you need to have huge amounts of eucalyptus leaves and it will take you a long time to steam distill. The standards should be injected under the same set of conditions for if not, this will lead to erroneous comparisons of data. You can manipulate some parameters like type of column, carrier gas flow rate, injector temperature, and column temperature to compare some effects on the quantitative breakdown of the experiment. V. References Skoog, D. A. , West, D. M. , Holler, F. J. and S. R. Crouch. 2004. Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry, 8th edition. Thomson Learning Asia, Singapore. Institiute of Chemistry. Intermediate Chemistry Laboratory II Manual. 2010. University of the Philippines, Diliman, Philippines. Druelinger, M. L. , B. A. Gaddis and A. M. Schoffstall. 2000. Microscale and Miniscale Organic Chemistry Laboratory Experiments. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. , USA. Dalrymple, D. L. and J. A. Moore. 1976. Experimental Methods in Organic Chemistry, 2nd edition. W. B. Saunders Company, USA. Ault, A. 1983. Techniques and Experiments for Organic Chemistry, 4th edition. Allyn and Bacon, Inc. , USA. VI. Appendix Calculations Concentration of camphor component in the sample peak area = 5820 regression equation: y = 103. 48x ââ¬â 1214. 9 5820 = 103. 48x ââ¬â 1214. 9 x = 67. 98 ppm peak height = 1544 regression equation: y = 33. 317x ââ¬â 507. 9 1544 = 33. 317x ââ¬â 507. 29 x = 61. 57 ppm Concentration of limonene component in the sample peak area = 306384 regression equation: y = 106. 88x ââ¬â 937. 57 306384 = 106. 88x ââ¬â 937. 57 x = 2875. 39 ppm peak height = 102881 y = 35. 106x ââ¬â 469. 43 102881 = 35. 106x ââ¬â 469. 43 x = 2943. 95 ppm Percentage content of camphor sample %content = (area / total area) x 100 %co ntent = (5820/10766407) x 100 %content = 0. 05% Percentage content of limonene sample %content = (area / total area) x 100 %content = (306384/10766407) x 100 %content = 2. 85% Answers to Questions 1. The gas chromatography technique is used for separations of volatile or reasonably volatile organic liquids and solids. 2. Thermal conductivity detectors (TCD), flame ionization detectors (FID), and electron capture detectors (ECD) are commonly used type of detectors. The thermal conductivity detector, which was one of the earliest detectors for gas chromatography, senses a difference in thermal conductivity of gases eluting from a GC column. The thermal conductivities of helium and hydrogen are roughly 6 to 10 times greater than those of most organic compounds. Thus, even small amounts of organic species cause relatively large decreases in the thermal conductivity of the column effluent, which results in a marked rise in the temperature of the detector. (Skoog et. al. , 2004) Flame ionization detectors, the most widely used and applicable detector for GC, consist of a flame fueled by hydrogen gas. Functional groups, such as carbonyl, alcohol, halogen, and amine, yield fewer ions or none at all in a flame. The detector is insensitive towards non-combustible gases such as H2O, CO2, SO2, and NO2. These properties make the FID a most useful detector for the analysis of most organic samples, including those that are contaminated with water and the oxides of nitrogen and sulfur. (Skoog et. al. , 2004) The electron capture detector has become one of the most widely used detectors for environmental samples because this detector selectively responds to halogen-containing organic compounds, such as pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls. (Skoog et. al. , 2004) 3. An elution with a single solvent or a solvent mixture of constant composition is isocratic. For samples with a broad boiling range, it is often desirable to employ temperature programming, whereby the column temperature is either increased continuously or in steps as the separation proceeds. 4. polydimethyl siloxane ââ¬â general-purpose nonpolar phase, hydrocarbons, polynuclear aromatics, steroids, PCBs polyethylene glycol ââ¬â free acids, alcohols, ethers, essential oils, glycols 5% phenyl-polydimethyl siloxane ââ¬â fatty acid methyl esters, alkaloids, drugs, halogenated compounds 50% cyanopropyl-polydimethyl siloxane ââ¬â polyunsaturated fatty acids, rosin acids, free acids, alcohols . Table 6. Internal Standard method for GC. % analyte| Peak height analyte| Peak height internal std| Peak height ratio (analyte/internal std)| 0. 05| 18. 8| 50. 0| 0. 38| 0. 10| 48. 1| 64. 1| 0. 75| 0. 15| 63. 4| 55. 1| 1. 15| 0. 20| 63. 2| 42. 7| 1. 48| 0. 25| 93. 6| 53. 8| 1. 74| unknown| 58. 9| 49. 4| 1. 19| Figure 8. Peak Height Ratio vs. Percent Analyte. regression equat ion: y = 6. 9x + 0. 065 slope = 6. 9 y-intercept = 0. 065 concentration of unknown: . 19 = 6. 9x + 0. 065 x = 0. 16304 standard deviation = 0. 007939 Chromatograms Figure 9. 50 ppm standard solution chromatogram. Figure 10. 150 ppm standard solution chromatogram. Figure 11. 200 ppm standard solution chromatogram. Figure 12. 250 ppm standard solution chromatogram. Figure 13. Pure standard camphor solution chromatogram. Figure 14. Pure standard limonene solution chromatogram. Figure 15. Essential oil extract chromatogram. amywallace1920http://www.blogger.com/profile/03978755181407357959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7035842482657497549.post-68540251350273593382020-03-17T13:11:00.001-07:002020-03-17T13:11:03.444-07:00Free Essays on The History Of Colombian GovernmentThe first group of Spanish that came to Columbia consisted of conquistadors, administrators, and Roman Catholic clergy. The clergy wanted to "save the souls" of the native Indians, and in the process they acquired land and wealth for the church. The native Indians were taken as slaves in their own land and forced to work for the crown of Spain. Eventually the slaves revolted and drove the Spanish conquistadors out of the colony. The Republic of Colombia or (Columbia) gained independence from Spain on July 20 1819. The country then established traditions of civilian government. Columbia has regular free elections and a republic type government where the executive branch dominates government structure. Currently, Columbia has seven well known political parties including the Liberal Party or PL, Conservative Party or PC; New Democratic Force or NDF; Democratic Alliance M-19 which is a coalition of small leftist parties and dissident liberals and conservatives. The Patriotic Union or UP is a legal political party formed by Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia or FARC and the Colombian Communist Party or PCC. Columbia has exercised freedom of press since their independence from Spain. All school children learn history and writing and because of this factor, the countryââ¬â¢s literacy rate has climbed to ninety-one percent. It is estimated that over eighty percent of the country owns a telephone and television and There are over sixty different radio stations throughout the country Ninety percent of Colombia population is Roman Catholic and the other ten percent is generally Christian. Although Colombianââ¬â¢s do have the freedom to practice a religion other than Catholic, the church is traditionally the most orthodox, conservative, and powerful in Latin America. The church also plays a major role in the country's education system and has an impact on many, if not all activities. Members of the clergy sit on the board of directors for many... Free Essays on The History Of Colombian Government Free Essays on The History Of Colombian Government The first group of Spanish that came to Columbia consisted of conquistadors, administrators, and Roman Catholic clergy. The clergy wanted to "save the souls" of the native Indians, and in the process they acquired land and wealth for the church. The native Indians were taken as slaves in their own land and forced to work for the crown of Spain. Eventually the slaves revolted and drove the Spanish conquistadors out of the colony. The Republic of Colombia or (Columbia) gained independence from Spain on July 20 1819. The country then established traditions of civilian government. Columbia has regular free elections and a republic type government where the executive branch dominates government structure. Currently, Columbia has seven well known political parties including the Liberal Party or PL, Conservative Party or PC; New Democratic Force or NDF; Democratic Alliance M-19 which is a coalition of small leftist parties and dissident liberals and conservatives. The Patriotic Union or UP is a legal political party formed by Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia or FARC and the Colombian Communist Party or PCC. Columbia has exercised freedom of press since their independence from Spain. All school children learn history and writing and because of this factor, the countryââ¬â¢s literacy rate has climbed to ninety-one percent. It is estimated that over eighty percent of the country owns a telephone and television and There are over sixty different radio stations throughout the country Ninety percent of Colombia population is Roman Catholic and the other ten percent is generally Christian. Although Colombianââ¬â¢s do have the freedom to practice a religion other than Catholic, the church is traditionally the most orthodox, conservative, and powerful in Latin America. The church also plays a major role in the country's education system and has an impact on many, if not all activities. Members of the clergy sit on the board of directors for many... amywallace1920http://www.blogger.com/profile/03978755181407357959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7035842482657497549.post-80394582530570336932020-03-01T04:58:00.001-08:002020-03-01T04:58:03.596-08:00Biography of Wilfred Owen, a Poet in WartimeBiography of Wilfred Owen, a Poet in Wartime Wilfred Owen (March 18, 1893- Nov. 4, 1918) was a compassionate poet whos work provides the finest description and critique of the soldiers experience during World War One. He was killed towards the end of the conflict in Ors, France.à Wilfred Owens Youth Wilfred Owen was born to an apparently wealthy family; however, within two years his grandfather died on the verge of bankruptcy and, missing his support, the family were forced into poorer housing at Birkenhead. This fallen status left a permanent impression on Wilfreds mother, and it may have combined with her staunch piety to produce a child who was sensible, serious, and who struggled to equate his wartime experiences with Christian teachings. Owen studied well at schools in Birkenhead and, after another family move, Shrewsbury- where he even helped to teach- but he failed the University of Londons entrance exam. Consequently, Wilfred became lay assistant to the vicar of Dunsden- an Oxfordshire parish- under an arrangement designed so the vicar would tutor Owen for another attempt at University. Early Poetry Although commentators differ as to whether Owen started writing at the age 10/11 or 17, he was certainly producing poems during his time at Dunsden; conversely, the experts agree that Owen favored literature, as well as Botany, at school, and that his main poetic influence was Keats. The Dunsden poems exhibit the compassionate awareness so characteristic of Wilfred Owens later war poetry, and the young poet found considerable material in the poverty and death he observed working for the church. Indeed, Wilfred Owens written compassion was often very close to morbidity. Mental Problems Wilfreds service in Dunsden may have made him more aware of the poor and less fortunate, but it didnt encourage a fondness for the church: away from his mothers influence he became critical of evangelical religion and intent on a different career, that of literature. Such thoughts led to a difficult and troubled period during January 1913, when Wilfred and Dunsdens vicar appear to have argued, and - or because perhaps as a result of - Owen suffered a near nervous breakdown. He left the parish, spending the following summer recovering. Travel During this period of relaxation Wilfred Owen wrote what critics often label his first war-poem - Uriconium, an Ode - after visiting an archaeological dig. The remains were Roman, and Owen described ancient combat with especial reference to the bodies he observed being unearthed. However, he failed to gain a scholarship to university and so left England, traveling to the continent and a position teaching English at the Berlitz school in Bordeaux. Owen was to remain in France for over two years, during which time he began a collection of poetry: it was never published. 1915- Wilfred Owen Enlists in the Army Although war seized Europe in 1914, it was only in 1915 that Owen considered the conflict to have expanded so considerably that he was needed by his country, whereupon he returned to Shrewsbury in September 1915, training as a private at Hare Hall Camp in Essex. Unlike many of the wars early recruits, the delay meant Owen was partly aware of the conflict he was entering, having visited a hospital for the wounded and having seen the carnage of modern warfare first-hand; however he still felt removed from events. Owen moved to the Officers school in Essex during the March of 1916 before joining the Manchester Regiment in June, where he was graded 1st Class Shot on a special course. An application to the Royal Flying Corps was rejected, and on December 30th 1916, Wilfred traveled to France, joining the 2nd Manchesters on January 12th 1917. They were positioned near Beaumont Hamel, on the Somme. Wilfred Owen Sees Combat Wilfreds own letters describe the following few days better than any writer or historian could hope to manage, but it is sufficient to say Owen and his men held a forward position, a muddy, flooded dug-out, for fifty hours as an artillery and shells raged around them. Having survived this, Owen remained active with the Manchesters, nearly getting frost bite in late January, suffering concussion in March- he fell through shell-damaged land into a cellar at Le Quesnoy-en-Santerre, earning him a trip behind the lines to hospital- and fighting in bitter combat at St. Quentin a few weeks later. Shell Shock at Craiglockhart It was after this latter battle, when Owen was caught in an explosion, that soldiers reported him acting rather strangely; he was diagnosed as having shell-shock and sent back to England for treatment in May. Owen arrived at the, now famous, Craiglockhart War Hospital on June 26th, an establishment sited outside Edinburgh. Over the next few months Wilfred wrote some of his finest poetry, the result of several stimuli. Owens doctor, Arthur Brock, encouraged his patient to overcome shell-shock by working hard at his poetry and editing The Hydra, Craiglockharts magazine. Meanwhile, Owen met another patient, Siegfried Sassoon, an established poet whose recently published war work inspired Wilfred and whose encouragement guided him; the exact debt owed by Owen to Sassoon is unclear, but the former certainly improved far beyond the latters talents. Owens War Poetry In addition, Owen was exposed to the cloyingly sentimental writing and attitude of non-combatants who glorified the war, an attitude to which Wilfred reacted with fury. Further fueled by nightmares of his wartime experiences, Owen wrote classics like Anthem for Doomed Youth, rich and multi-layered works characterized by a brutal honesty and deep compassion for the soldiers/victims, many of which were direct ripostes to other authors. Its important to note that Wilfred wasnt a simple pacifist- indeed, on occasions he railed against them- but a man sensitive to the burden of soldiery. Owen may have been self-important before the war- as betrayed by his letters home from France- but there is no self-pity in his war work. Owen Continues to Write While in the Reserves Despite a low number of publications, Owens poetry was now attracting attention, prompting supporters to request non-combat positions on his behalf, but these requests were turned down. Its questionable as to whether Wilfred would have accepted them: his letters reveal a sense of obligation, that he had to do his duty as poet and observe the conflict in person, a feeling exacerbated by Sassoons renewed injuries and return from the front. Only by fighting could Owen earn respect, or escape the easy slurs of cowardice, and only a proud war-record would protect him from detractors. Owen Returns to the Front and Is Killed Owen was back in France by September- again as a company commander- and on September 29th he captured a machine gun position during an attack on the Beaurevoir-Fonsomme Line, for which he was awarded the Military Cross. After his battalion was rested in early October Owen saw in action again, his unit operating around the Oise-Sambre canal. Early in the morning of November 4th Owen led an attempt to cross the canal; he was struck and killed by enemy fire. Aftermath Owens death was followed by one of World War Ones most iconic stories: when the telegram reporting his demise was delivered to his parents, the local church bells could be heard ringing in celebration of the armistice. A collection of Owens poems was soon created by Sassoon, although the numerous different versions, and the attendant difficulty in working out which were Owens drafts and which were his preferred edits, led to two new editions in the early 1920s. The definitive edition of Wilfreds work may well be Jon Stallworthys Complete Poems and Fragments from 1983, but all justify Owens long-lasting acclaim. The War Poetry The poetry is not for everyone, for within Owen combines graphic descriptions of trench life- gas, lice, mud, death- with an absence of glorification; dominant themes include the return of bodies to the earth, hell and the underworld. Wilfred Owens poetry is remembered as reflecting the real life of the soldier, although critics and historians argue over whether he was overwhelming honest or overly scared by his experiences. He was certainly compassionate, a word repeated throughout this biography and texts on Owen in general, and works like Disabled, focusing on the motives and thoughts of soldiers themselves, provide ample illustration of why. Owens poetry is certainly free of the bitterness present in several historians monographs on the conflict, and he is generally acknowledged as being the both the most successful, and best, poet of wars reality. The reason why may be found in the preface to his poetry, of which a drafted fragment was found after Owens death: Yet these elegies are not to this generation, this is in no sense consolatory. They may be to the next. All a poet can do today is to warn. That is why the true Poets must be truthful. (Wilfred Owen, Preface) Notable Family of Wilfred Owen Father: Tom OwenMother: Susan Owen amywallace1920http://www.blogger.com/profile/03978755181407357959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7035842482657497549.post-32634141943161500292020-02-13T20:23:00.001-08:002020-02-13T20:23:02.468-08:00Power and Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 wordsPower and Politics - Essay Example Other than being wife of Bill Clinton, Hillary had been a standing Senator for quite a few terms and had created an image of herself throughout the country through her ambitious dream of bringing each and every American under a comprehensive health scheme. Compared to that Obama was a first time Senator who had no political pedigree or lineage as such and above all, he was colored and had a Muslim sounding middle name and spent his childhood in far away Eastern countries. The odds were heavily stacked against Obama and truly nobody was prepared to give him much of a chance in the initial stages. But Obama and his clarion call ââ¬Å"Yes, we can â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ struck a chord among the masses, not only the colored ones but the entire American middle class and he created history. He derived his power essentially from referent base. Here was a man, just as ordinary as any American, has good education from Ivy League institutions, has a family just as most Americans have and above all, ha s a dream to change the sorry state of affairs. The combined charm of all these factors was too difficult for average Americans to be indifferent to. And, the fact that he is educated and articulate with a wife who is equally educated and articulate automatically vested in him an expert power that added to the huge faith that Americans reposed on him (Mind Tools 2005). amywallace1920http://www.blogger.com/profile/03978755181407357959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7035842482657497549.post-74779546844514616262020-02-01T12:32:00.001-08:002020-02-01T12:32:03.298-08:00Counter Terrorism & Emergency Responders AssignmentCounter Terrorism & Emergency Responders - Assignment Example There was a report of the use of biological weapons during the World War I. Alpha, beta, gamma, and neutron radiation result from nuclear decays of some reactive metals such as uranium. All the four types of radiation cause almost similar problems in human health. For humans, they cause stochastic and non-stochastic effects. Stochastic effects result from prolonged exposure to too low levels of the radiations. Among the disorders in this category, cancer is the most common though there are also problems such as mutations. The non-stochastic disorders result from short-term exposures to high levels of radiations. Such disorders have adverse effects on the health of animals and humans. The associated problems develop faster than the stochastic. Cancer is still top of the list, with others in this category being aging of the skin, burns and radiation conflict (US, EPA, 2015). While investigating the course of fire, experts depend on several observations as well as training techniques. Before the 1970s, fire investigation personnel did not depend on scientific approaches, but instead used witness-based methods. However, currently, they use experimental methods by first looking for the point of origin. They then proceed to look for ignition possibilities. In the event, that the fire investigators realize that the fire could have resulted from terrorism, they immediately inform the intelligence systems as a precaution. Usually, in the US, the counter-terrorism unit forms the core of the fights against terrorism (National Geographic, 2015). Usually, if someone swallows poison, the doctors induce vomiting after finding out from evidence what type of poison the victims might have consumed. For acids and alkalis, they do not induce vomiting because of the corrosive nature of such poisons. The vomit used gives a specimen for use in investigation and determination of the correct medication. For the case of corrosive vapor poisoning, the doctors do not have a amywallace1920http://www.blogger.com/profile/03978755181407357959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7035842482657497549.post-73086114379298062052020-01-24T08:56:00.001-08:002020-01-24T08:56:03.003-08:00Essay --Animal cruelty, also called animal abuse, is the human infliction of suffering or harm upon non-human animals, for purposes other than self-defense or survival. To me, animal cruelty is wrong and is a serious issue all around the world and must be stopped. Animal testing is a form of animal cruelty that if gone wrong is considered as animal cruelty. Animal testing can be considered good if the scientists donââ¬â¢t painfully harm the animals. The only animals that should be used for testing are mice, rats, and hamsters, not cats or dogs or other house pets. How can someone have the audacity to harm any animal? Animal testing is used for trialing new medicines, cosmetics, and injections to know they are safe for humans, but what scientists do to the animals in labs is gruesome. There are pros and cons of this debate, but mainly cons because who wants to put acid in a cute bunnyââ¬â¢s eyes for no reason. Some pros are that, animal testing has contributes to many life-saving cures and treatments such as experimenters removed the pancreas from dogs which led to the discovery of insulin which sa... Essay -- Animal cruelty, also called animal abuse, is the human infliction of suffering or harm upon non-human animals, for purposes other than self-defense or survival. To me, animal cruelty is wrong and is a serious issue all around the world and must be stopped. Animal testing is a form of animal cruelty that if gone wrong is considered as animal cruelty. Animal testing can be considered good if the scientists donââ¬â¢t painfully harm the animals. The only animals that should be used for testing are mice, rats, and hamsters, not cats or dogs or other house pets. How can someone have the audacity to harm any animal? Animal testing is used for trialing new medicines, cosmetics, and injections to know they are safe for humans, but what scientists do to the animals in labs is gruesome. There are pros and cons of this debate, but mainly cons because who wants to put acid in a cute bunnyââ¬â¢s eyes for no reason. Some pros are that, animal testing has contributes to many life-saving cures and treatments such as experimenters removed the pancreas from dogs which led to the discovery of insulin which sa... amywallace1920http://www.blogger.com/profile/03978755181407357959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7035842482657497549.post-14331056456398209102020-01-16T05:20:00.001-08:002020-01-16T05:20:04.324-08:00How Roles and Statuses Affect BehaviorHow Roles and Statuses Affect Behavior There is a fine line between status and role. Status is the position or a rank in a group or social structure. An example of this would be the president, Barack H. Obama. The president is a status because it is a position in a social structure; in this case, Barack H. Obama would be the president of America. On the other hand, a role is an assumed or an expected way a person should behave. For example, a mother is an assumed position where as soon as a female gives birth, they are expected to take care of the child, and thus called ââ¬Å"mother. In Philip G. Zimbardoââ¬â¢s article, ââ¬Å"The Pathology Of Imprisonment,â⬠(pg. 140, 2011) Zimbardo wanted to simulate a prison environment and see the psychological and how the roles of the guards and prisoners develop. Zimbardo did this by creating a advertisement in the newspaper and hired two dozen young men who were at first, all on the same playing field; all of them had no criminal reco rd, emotionally stable, normal, and were all intelligent and from middle class families.The important part about this is that the role of prisoner and the role of guard were chosen by the flip of a coin which meant that the roles were completely random and the prison environment would be the only factor in how it shaper the boys behaviors. Throughout the experiment, the boys were videotaped so that Zimbardo could observe the behavior. Very quickly Zimbardo noticed that the guards became more and more aggressive towards the prisoners, and the prisoners reacted exactly how a real prisoner would react.Zimbardo states that the guards came up with many creative ways to control the prisoners. In one case, a rebellious prisoner, who refused to eat, was in solitary, and the rest of the prisoners were given a choice, whether to let the prisoner out and give up their blankets, or keep the blankets and keep the rebellious prisoner in solitary for the night. In the end, it was every man for him self and the rest of the prisoners chose to have their blankets.The only incentive for the prisoners was the pay of fifteen dollars per day, but some had to be cut short because of their reactions to the prison environment, such as crying, depression, and insanity. It was clear that the boys who were supposed to play the role of prisoners and guards were now acting in the mindset as if their status was really the prisoner and the guard. In fact, the experiment got too realistic and Zimbardoââ¬â¢s two-week experiment had to be cut short to six days. In Harvey Molotchââ¬â¢s article, (pg. 66, 2011)ââ¬Å"The Rest Room and Equal Opportunity,â⬠the author argues that even if men and women have equal amount of space in the bathrooms, it does not guarantee equal opportunity in the bathrooms because of the different roles of women and men. Men can use urinals, which take up less space than toilets and women need their own private stalls because of their specific needs. The author also suggests how western culture shapes the way how women use the bathroom, such as doing make up and gossiping. Therefore the differences in roles of women and men cause unequal opportunities even if they are given the same opportunity. amywallace1920http://www.blogger.com/profile/03978755181407357959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7035842482657497549.post-87618043110882517352020-01-08T01:43:00.001-08:002020-01-08T01:43:03.400-08:00Overview of Dementia Essay - 988 Words Introduction Margaret is a 77 year old who has a diagnosis of dementia and type 2 diabetes mellitus. She has been recently separated from her daughter who was her primary carer and her husband who were both unable to cope with her agitated behaviour. Margaret now resides in an age care facility. Margaretââ¬â¢s mental and emotional health is a cause for concern and the family are upset and are struggling with feelings of guilt and anger. This paper with discuss the intervention professional healthcare workers can implement to reduce the turbulence of this transitional period for all individuals involved. The reassuring of the family will firstly be discussed as will the interventions used to reduce agitation and unsafe wandering. A descriptionâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦The rationale behind such care plans have been described in recent studies that show a great similarity among marital pairs for known predictors of well-being (Schulz Martire, 2004). This indicates that the influence of the patient may spill over to the care providers, and vice versa. Either initiates a downward spiral that impairs the quality of life, or uplifts the individuals, depending on the stimulus received (Schulz Martire, 2004). This finding proposes clinical interventions that concurrently treat both the care recipient and the carers are likely to achieve the largest effects (Schulz Martire, 2004). With this understanding, it is reasonable to suggest that if Margaret is happy and has a sense of belonging in her new environment that her family will also be at ease. Important aspects of contentment are stability, harmony, protection, joy, privacy, fellowship, power, recognition, ownership, order, control, nourishment, self motivation, recognition, and freedom (Norberg, 2001). To obtain this quality of life Margaret needs to have concentrated support in three areas. Firstly, Margaret needs physical consolation, studies have showed that rocking, music, and touch had a calming effect on people w ith severe dementia (Norberg, 2001). Secondly, psychological consolation is also needed as communion is established when the sufferer is allowed to express his or her feelings such as sorrow, anger, hatred, mediated by a listener who doesShow MoreRelatedEssay Overview of Dementia1381 Words à |à 6 PagesDementia is a syndrome, which is usually of a chronic or progressive nature, which causes deterioration in cognitive function. It goes beyond what is expected from normal aging. It causes changes in what you remember, like appointments, or phone numbers. It may cause you to get lost in a familiar setting like driving to the grocery store. You may not be able to balance your checkbook or add up your points in a card game. Communication becomes difficult; as you cannot find the words you want toRead MoreAn Overview of Alzheimers Disease and Dementia Essay1938 Words à |à 8 PagesDisease Dementia Intro/Overview Section of Disease Paper ââ¬Å"Horribly tragic, scary, slow, sad, maddening, etc.â⬠These are words some would use when asked what Alzheimerââ¬â¢s/dementia is. This answer is common to those who have watched loved ones suffer from this disease that ultimately lead to their passing. As defined in McGraw Hill Medical Dictionary, Alzheimerââ¬â¢s Disease is a ââ¬Ëprogressive neurologic disease of the brain that causes irreversible loss of neurons and eventual dementia characterizedRead MoreDevelopment And Evaluation Of Cognition Based Interventions1531 Words à |à 7 Pages PhD upgrade overview In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the development and evaluation of cognition-based interventions (CBIs) for people with dementia in improving cognition, and quality of life (QoL). However, little is known about the effects of these interventions for carers who are actively involved and participate in CBIs alongside their relative. In addition, it has been argued that engaging family carers in the therapeutic process is important as it has the potentialRead MoreHealth Care and Stage Dementia Support Essay example1302 Words à |à 6 Pagesassignment, I researched about the health problem, dementia. Dementia is one of the serious health problems Australia encounters. This is due to the fact that the aging of population in Australia is increasing. Thus, the number of people who are diagnosed as dementia is increasing every year. Brown Edwards (2005) suggested that there are approximately 18,000 new cases of dementia in Australia every year. Harris, Nagy and Vardax is (2006) stated à ¡Ã ®dementia is a progressive organic mental disorder characterisedRead MoreEarly Onset Of Alzheimer s Disease1742 Words à |à 7 PagesEaten Alive Dementia is the general term for a decline in mental ability severe enough to interfere with daily life. The most common form of dementia is Alzheimer s. Alzheimer s disease literally eats and attacks the human brain (Overview). It is a progressive disease that causes the brain cells to degenerate and die, which causes memory loss and affects other important mental functions (Mayo). Today in America, over five million Americans are living with Alzheimer s disease and someone developsRead MoreLate Stage Dementia and Nutrition785 Words à |à 3 PagesLate stage Dementia and Nutrition What is dementia? Dementia a neurologic condition characterized by the following cognitive defects; impaired memory, disturbed intellectual function, and inability to solve a problem (deWit Oââ¬â¢Neill 2014). Dementia occurs in different stages in this paper we are going to be discussing late stage dementia, and the end stage. The effect that dementia has on a personââ¬â¢s nutritional status. Why is the dementia patient more at risk for malnutrition? Things we as healthRead MoreThe Stages and Treatments of Alzheimerââ¬â¢s Disease Essay925 Words à |à 4 Pagesdo not know exactly what causes Alzheimerââ¬â¢s, but scientists say the disease develops a complex series of events that take place in the brain over a long period of time (3). Alzheimerââ¬â¢s is known to cause dementia with older people. Dementia is the loss of thinking, remembering, and reasoning. Dementia affects daily life and activities just like Alzheimerââ¬â¢s (ââ¬Å"Alzheimerââ¬â¢s Disease Fact S heetâ⬠1). Alzheimerââ¬â¢s is not a normal part of aging, and is not hereditary (Hyde 57). There are three different casesRead More Dementia and Alzheimers Disease Essay examples638 Words à |à 3 PagesDementia and Alzheimers During an average lifetime, one can expect to have at least occasional memory lapses from time to time. Usually its something as simple as forgetting what you just did a few minutes ago, forgetting if you turned the stove off, or if you left your keys on the table or in the bathroom counter. Such lapses are relatively normal, but when they become a recurring theme, its a more serious problem. As people age, it is natural for them to experience a mild degree of memoryRead MoreIs Parkinson Disease A Disease?1290 Words à |à 6 Pagesit will progressively get worse (Parkinsonââ¬â¢s: Overview April 6, 2015). However, it still has not yet shown to be fatal. (National Parkinson Foundation 2015). Diagnosis Doctors who diagnose Parkinson start by performing a physical examination on the patient followed by a detailed discussion of the symptoms and past medical history. During the physical exam the doctor test their reflexes, sensitivity to pain or pressure and agility.(Parkinson: Overview Diagnosis April 6, 2015). If the patient showsRead MoreA Research On Dementia Caregivers853 Words à |à 4 PagesSummary: The authors argued this study is an innovation research about dementia caregivers, because researchers collect their data from rural area dementia caregivers who have been long been forgotten, and all those pervious studies are only focusing on service-utilizing population who is affluent white people living at urban, furthermore, pervious findings are fail to address the geographic backgrounds of study participants. And in this cross-sectional research study, authors reach their participants amywallace1920http://www.blogger.com/profile/03978755181407357959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7035842482657497549.post-8788706554155974742019-12-30T22:07:00.001-08:002019-12-30T22:07:03.470-08:00The 9 Best Fiction Books About Witches of 2019amywallace1920http://www.blogger.com/profile/03978755181407357959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7035842482657497549.post-69051794979891340502019-12-22T17:55:00.001-08:002019-12-22T17:55:03.778-08:00Masculinity And Capitalism In Arthur Millers Death Of A... This essay will explore the link between masculinity and capitalism and how it is represented and internalized by the character of Willy Loman in Death of a Salesman, and analyze how Willy views success in business as his only means of retaining his masculinity. In Contradictions of Capital and Care, Nancy Fraser says that social reproduction is the work of females while a manââ¬â¢s role is financial (Fraser, 55); if a man cannot be a provider- such is the case with Willy- then by definition of capitalism, he is not a man. Miller wrote the play in 1949, and it is set in the hyper patriarchal society of the mid twentieth century in which gender roles were a necessity, and any man who did not meet the criteria of masculinity (includingâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦According to Karl Marx in his essay on estranged labour, the proletariat worker is a commodity (Marx, 69, 71), something to be bought, used, and easily replaced. Willy has experienced the full cycle of the capitalistic wo rkforce, from his very first day as a salesman to his last, when he was disposed of by his superior despite his years of faithful service. This brings to mind an analogy: If you had owned a laptop for ten years and it no longer worked correctly, would you hesitate to replace it? The answer is likely no, and the same viewpoint is held by Willyââ¬â¢s superiors (412) and most other bigshot bosses in the world, fictional or otherwise. Willy is a tool, something the company uses to produce sales. His paycheck is the battery that keeps him going and inspires him to do good work, but eventually he gets old and inefficient, just like any other appliance. Another key point from Marx on estranged labour is that the worker must stay detached from their labour, lest they experience self-estrangement (Marx, 74), which causes a distance from their animal instincts (76), the everyday things that sustain a person, such as eating, drinking, and having sex, that function outside of any economic system. We see this self-estrangement in Willy throughout the play. He is wholly absorbed in his work and has internalized his objectification at the hands of capitalism, and has subsequentlyShow MoreRelatedDeath Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller1573 Words à |à 7 Pagesrepresents a character with a tragic flaw leading to his downfall. In addition, in traditional tragedy, the main character falls from high authority and often it is predetermined by fate, while the audience experiences catharsis (Bloom 2). Arthur Millerââ¬â¢s play Death of a Salesman is considered to be a tragedy because this literary work has some of the main characteristics of the t ragedy genre. In this play, the main character Willy Loman possesses such traits and behaviors that lead to his downfall, and theRead MoreArthur Miller s Death Of A Salesman Essay1567 Words à |à 7 Pagescharacter with a tragic flaw leading to his downfall. In addition, in traditional tragedy, the main character falls from high authority and often it is predetermined by fate, while the audience experiences catharsis (Irving 247). Arthur Millerââ¬â¢s play Death of a Salesman is considered to be a tragedy because this literary work has some of the main characteristics of the tragedy genre. In this play, the main character Willy Loman possesses such traits and behaviors that lead to his downfall, and theRead MoreThe Changing Relationship Between Individual and Society in Modern Drama3272 Words à |à 14 Pagesnonentity without rights outside the role of motherhood or marriage; In the 1930s and 40s, German-born writer Bertolt Brecht, produced a series of plays following ideologies common of Nihilist and later Marxist values; Following the second world war, Arthur Miller wrote to American audiences that individuals and their society are equally damning forces on one another. By following Ibsen, Brecht and Miller, three authors from three different countries, backgrounds and time frames, it is possible to witnessRead MoreEssay on Death of a Salesman and Street Car Named Desire4007 Words à |à 17 PagesBiff: ââ¬Å"will you take that phony dream and burn it before something happensâ⬠Compare how the authors of Death of a salesman and ââ¬Å"street car named desire explore the conflict between truth and illusion Truth and illusion are utilized in Tennessee Williams ââ¬Å"Streetcar Named Desireâ⬠and Arthur Millers ââ¬Å"Death of a salesmanâ⬠through the use of the character; to lead the reader to a possible conclusion on the beliefs that went into the American dream that prompted people to work hard was that america amywallace1920http://www.blogger.com/profile/03978755181407357959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7035842482657497549.post-66025491462284528412019-12-14T14:25:00.001-08:002019-12-14T14:25:05.358-08:00Philosophy and Politics Free Essays Philosophy has enabled human life to study the general and everyday problems which concern many matters to include beauty, truth, mind, validity, language, existence, language and even truth. While Philosophy is a general term that is highly acceptable to address and answer questions by using systematic approaches and its credibility on the grounds of reasoned arguments, there is a tension that is apparent between Politics and Philosophy which Ancient Greek Origin means ââ¬Å"love of wisdomâ⬠. Good governance needs laws that are mandated and initiated through Politics. We will write a custom essay sample on Philosophy and Politics or any similar topic only for you Order Now The ways a society is being governed highly affects the kind of living the citizensââ¬â¢ experience. Politics are made up of group of people that formulate decisions for the betterment of the populace. It has also been palpable in many group interactions such as the religious, academic and even in the corporate world. Despite the fact that both exist to fulfill the needs of man for order, it is evident that a man in one point of his life or another might choose whether to live under the influence of Politics or Philosophy. The issues had been explored in Platoââ¬â¢s masterpieces ââ¬Å"Apologyâ⬠and ââ¬Å"The Republicâ⬠. But although, the strain is perceptible, the end result for the mixture of both may lead to a more wonderful life to all mankind. The researcher wishes to address any reconciliation that may occur between the rivalries of the two approaches in human regulation, if Philosophy and Politics can be practiced at the same time. Philosophy and Politics in Platoââ¬â¢s Works Justice is necessitated by human in all walks of life. An individual is honed by the cultural and social norms that craft his totality as a whole. Many factors attribute on how a person behaves or acts. The life in the world has sought to deal on existence necessitated of man as man to survive and subsist. You may choose to live a political life or you can pursue a life that is committed in finding contemplation and truth. Apology The Apology by Plato is his version of Socratesââ¬â¢ speech during the time Socrates defends himself in opposition to the charges. The accusations against Socrates brought up were; living his life that refuses to adulate and worship the gods, corrupts the mind of the young and makes new deities. The main theme of the entire speech proposes that Philosophy instigates when one admits that he is ignorant. Socrates dramatically states that the wisdom he has, originates from his mere knowledge that he doesnââ¬â¢t know anything (23b, 29b). Politics in this part conducts a lawful proceeding that is made out of informal charges that only stanched out of gossips and prejudices against Socrates: ââ¬Å"Socrates is committing an injustice, in that he inquires into things below the earth and in the sky, and makes the weaker argument the stronger, and teaches others to follow his example (18b-c)â⬠. Socrates refuted the accusations through voicing out that he should not in any way be mistaken as a sophist or a scholar that is highly paid and wise. He then expressed his philosophical inspiration that he is poor and does not know anything that is good and noble. Socrates believed that the accusations against him rooted with his compliance with the oracle he received in Delhi. He had the mission of solving the paradox which is ââ¬Å"the ignorant man could be the wisest of all menâ⬠(23e). It is apparent that Politics has an indirect connection to Philosophy because both aim to provide a good human life course. In this part reconciliation is quite evident since Politics is ruled out by people or humans that present the way to righteousness and lawfulness based on human perception enacted by the law while Philosophy which Plato deals with dwells more with the spiritual and divine intervention as the correct path to rectitude and uprightness. Socrates perceived that his questioning to many people gained him the reputation as an annoying person. His life mission interpreted in the speech that true wisdom comes from the gods while wisdoms of man together with their achievements have diminutive or are not valuable at all. It was greatly stressed that Socrates accepts as legitimate that the power of his lawful superior, may it be divine or human should be followed. But when there is a discrepancy or conflict between the two: Politics or Philosophy, he deems that the divine authority should take precedence and primacy: ââ¬Å"Gentlemen, I am your grateful and devoted servant, but I owe a greater obedience to God than to you; and as long as I draw breath and have my faculties I shall never stop practicing philosophyâ⬠(Plato, Dialogue Part 1). Socrates articulated that he will not stop his aspiration for his fellow Athenians to have greater awareness of moral truth and goodness. Though, people might impede his questioning or arguing and even if they withdraw all the charges against him, Socrates put across his plan of not bringing an end to his inquiries for the pursuance of truth. Socrates was charged as guilty by a very small margin (36a). He was sentenced to death through drinking Hemlock. Though, Socrates can resort to emotive tricks to appease the juries. He relied ultimately to the truth in the presentation of his case. Socrates prophesied that the younger and harsher critics will pursue what he started that can aggravate them even more (39d). The Republic by Plato The Republic by Plato is also a Socratic dialogue. The main topic of the dialogue centers at the issue of who is happier between the just and the unjust man that was pictured through creating a make-believe city that is ruled by philosopher-kings. For most part, the dialogue tackles justice in different ways. Like in one part of the first book where two types of justice are presented but both were deemed inappropriate. First, talks about returning debts that someone owed while the second one embarks upon helping out friends at the same time harming the enemies. These were common definitions of justice that Socrates reckons to be derisory in isolated cases and as a consequence lack stringency stipulated of a definition, though he does not wholly decline them because each, in some way or another conveys a universal sagacity of justice. Justice when implemented with Philosophy encompasses goodwill to all mankind. This was evident in the end of Book I where Socrates approved Polemarchus insight that justice embraces helping out friends but the just man would never do any harm to anybody even an enemy. Thrasymachus on the other hand provides his perception of justice as ââ¬Å"what is good for the strongerâ⬠(Book I), which reflects those people in Politics who have power over the society. This also echoes Thrasymachus belief that rulers are the primary resource of justice in every city where in they enact laws that benefit themselves the most. Philosophy is widely tackled in The Republic to influence Politics on what it should build within the society to provide a just community. In this dialogue, it can be seen that Philosophy and Politics can be reconciled though Philosophy still takes supremacy over Politics. Correspondingly, Socrates describes justice as ââ¬Å"working at that which he is naturally best suited,â⬠along with ââ¬Å"to do oneââ¬â¢s own business and not to be a busybodyâ⬠(433a-433b). He then continues by presenting how to sustain and perfect justice through three cardinal virtues to include Temperance, Wisdom, and Courage (433a-433b). Philosophy correlates with Politics through creating a society that divides people in to three distinct types which are the soldier, producer and ruler. Books II to IV mainly carry out that if a ruler can create just laws, and when the soldiers or warriors follow the orders of their rulers, and if authorities are obeyed by the producers, then it will formulate a society that is rightful and just, thus creating a happier life. Three arguments were presented by Plato why he sees that it is better to be just rather than for the individual to be unjust. The arguments were: An oppressorââ¬â¢s nature will allow him to incur ââ¬Å"horrid pains and pangsâ⬠and that the conventional tyrant has a lifestyle that is mentally and physically challenging on a ruler which is the total opposite of a philosopher king that is truth loving (Book IX). Another argument in Book IX that Plato puts forward is that the Philosopher is the only type of ruler that can best run a society since he is acquainted to the Form of the Good. The last one that Plato contends is that ââ¬Å"Pleasures which are approved by the lover of wisdom and reason are the truestâ⬠(Book IX). The Republicââ¬â¢s main ideology is to form the government and politics that is governed by philosopher-kings. In this, it is highly susceptible that Philosophy and politics could in some way or another worked hand in hand. Socrates believes that the four types of ruling such as timocracy, democracy, oligarchy and tyranny can lead to corruption of power. The Republic by Plato also contains his Allegory of the Cave where he elucidates how a former prisoner from a cave came to realize that the sun which illuminates the surrounding and which initially blinded him is the Form of the Good that causes the brightness. He also came to realize that it is the sun that made him see and appreciate the beauty and goodness in the things that surround him. Plato considers the caveman as the philosopher, who knows the Form of Good and therefore should educate others to spread the same light he achieved. The dialogue narrates conversations and arguments concerning an Ideal State by manipulating politics through Philosophical ideas and how other forms of governance could not properly and adequately sustain its ruling. Conclusion Though Platoââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Apologyâ⬠and ââ¬Å"The Republicâ⬠mainly discuss how Philosophy or love of wisdom should be adhered over and above anything else, it also manifested that Philosophy and politics can reconcile to the betterment of the society. The ââ¬Å"Apologyâ⬠chiefly venerates Philosophy over politics but in some parts evidently address that people involved in Politics should be respected and followed, hence, when a clash between the two takes place Philosophy should win against the other. Platoââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"The Republicâ⬠on the other hand, points out a Political institution that is to be ruled by a Philosopher towards a just society. How to cite Philosophy and Politics, Papers amywallace1920http://www.blogger.com/profile/03978755181407357959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7035842482657497549.post-8628157255552542852019-12-06T10:49:00.001-08:002019-12-06T10:49:04.390-08:00Edvard Grieg free essay sample Edvard Griegà (15 June 1843à ââ¬â 4 September 1907) was aà Norwegianà composerà andà pianist. He is best known for hisà Piano Concerto in A minor, forà his incidental musicà toà Henrik Ibsensà playà Peer Gyntà (which includesà Morning Moodà andà In the Hall of the Mountain King), and for his collection ofà pianominiaturesà Lyric Pieces. [1] - Biography Edvard Hagerup Grieg was born inà Bergen,à Norwayà on June 15, 1843. His parents were Hiemlik Grieg (1806ââ¬â1875), a merchant and the American vice consul in Bergen, and Gesine Carrie Hagerupel (1814ââ¬â1875), a music teacher and daughter ofà Edvard Hagerup. The family name, originally spelledà Greig, hasScottishà origins. After theà Battle of Cullodenà in 1746, however, Griegs great-grandfather traveled widely, settling in Norway about 1770, and establishing business interests in Bergen. Edvard Grieg was raised in a musical home. His mother was his firstà pianoà teacher and taught him to play at the age of 6. Grieg studied in several schools, including Tanks School,. [2]à He often brought in samples of his music to class. In the summer of 1858, Grieg met the eminent Norwegianà violinistà Ole Bull, who was a family friend; Bulls brother was married to Griegs aunt. Bull recognized the 15-year-old boys talent and persuaded his parents to send him to theà Leipzig Conservatory, then directed byà Ignaz Moscheles. Grieg enrolled in theà conservatory, concentrating on the piano, and enjoyed the many concerts and recitals given inà Leipzig. He disliked the discipline of the conservatory course of study, but he achieved very good grades in most areas. An exception was theà organ, which was mandatory for piano students. In the spring of 1860, he survived a life-threateningà lung disease. The following year he made his debut as a concert pianist, inà Karlshamn,à Sweden. In 1862, he finished his studies in Leipzig and held his first concert in his home town, where his programme includedà Beethovensà Pathetiqueà sonata. (Griegs own recording of hisà Piano Sonata, made late in his life, confirms that he was an excellent pianist). In 1863, Grieg went toà Copenhagen,à Denmark, and stayed there for three years. He met the Danish composersà J. P. E. Hartmannà andà Niels Gade. He also met his fellow Norwegian composerà Rikard Nordraakà (composer of theà Norwegian national anthem), who became a good friend and source of great inspiration. Nordraak died in 1866, and Grieg composed aà funeral marchà in his honor. On 11 June 1867, Grieg married his first cousin,à Nina Hagerup. The next year, their only child, Alexandra, was born. She died in 1869 fromà meningitis. In the summer of 1868, Grieg wrote his Piano Concerto in A minor while on holiday in Denmark. Edmund Neupertà gave the concerto its premiere performance on 3 April 1869 in the Casino Theater in Copenhagen. Grieg himself was unable to be there due to conducting commitments in Christiania (asà Osloà was then named). [3] In 1868,à Franz Liszt, who had not yet met Grieg, wrote a testimonial for him to the Norwegian Ministry of Education, which led to Grieg obtaining a travel grant. The two men met inà Romeà in 1870. On Griegs first visit, they went over Griegs Violin Sonata No. 1, which pleased Liszt greatly. On his second visit, in April, Grieg brought with him the manuscript of his Piano Concerto, which Liszt proceeded to sightread (including the orchestral arrangement). Liszts rendition greatly impressed his audience, although Grieg gently pointed out to him that he played the first movement too quickly. Liszt also gave Grieg some advice onà orchestration, (for example, to give the melody of the second theme in the first movement to a solo trumpet). In 1874ââ¬â76, Grieg composedà incidental musicà for the premiere ofà Henrik Ibsens playà Peer Gynt, at the request of the author. Many of the pieces from this work became very popular in the orchestral suites or piano and piano-duet arrangements. Grieg had close ties with the (Bergen Philharmonic Orchestra) (Harmonien), and later became Music Director of the orchestra from 1880ââ¬â1882. In 1888, Grieg metà Tchaikovskyà inà Leipzig. Grieg was struck by the sadness in Tchaikovsky. [4]à Tchaikovsky thought very highly of Griegs music, praising its beauty, originality and warmth. [5] - Latter years Edvard Grieg Museum Troldhaugen Griegs later life brought him fame. The Norwegian government awarded him a pension. In the spring 1903, Grieg made nine 78-rpmà gramophone recordingsà of his piano music in Paris; all of these historic discs have been reissued on both LPs and CDs and, despite limited fidelity, show his artistry as a pianist. Grieg also made live-recordingà player pianoà music rolls for theà Welte-Mignonà reproducing system, all of which survive today and can be heard. In 1906, he met the composer and pianistà Percy Graingerà in London. Grainger was a great admirer of Griegs music and a strong empathy was quickly established. In a 1907 interview, Grieg stated: ââ¬Å"I have written Norwegian Peasant Dances that no one in my country can play, and here comes this Australian who plays them as they ought to be played! He is a genius that we Scandinavians cannot do other than love. â⬠[6] Edvard Grieg died in the autumn of 1907, aged 64, after a long period of illness. His final words were Well, if it must be so. The funeral drew between 30,000 and 40,000 people out on the streets of his home town to honor him. Following his wish, his ownà Funeral March in Memory of Rikard Nordraakà was played in an orchestration by his friendà Johan Halvorsen, who had married Griegs niece. In addition, theà Funeral Marchà movement fromà Chopinsà Piano Sonata No. 2à was played. His and his wifes ashes are entombed in a mountain crypt near his house,à Troldhaugen. - Music Grieg is renowned as aà nationalist composer, drawing inspiration fromà Norwegian folk music. Early works include aà symphonyà (which he later suppressed) and apiano sonata. He also wrote threeà sonatas for violin and pianoà and aà cello sonata. His many short pieces for piano ââ¬â often based on Norwegian folk tunes and dances ââ¬â led some to call him the Chopinà of the North. 7] Theà Piano Concertoà is his most popular work. Its champions have included the pianist and composerà Percy Grainger, a personal friend of Grieg who played the concerto frequently during his long career. An arrangement of part of the work made an iconic television comedy appearance in the 1971à Morecambe and Wise Show, conducted byà Andre Previn. Some of theà Lyric Piecesà (for piano) are also well-known, as is theà incidental musicà toà Henrik Ibsensà playà Peer Gynt, a play that Grieg found to be an arduous work to score properly. In a 1874 letter to his friend Frants Beyer, Grieg expressed his unhappiness with what is now considered one of his most popular compositions fromà Peer Gynt,à In the Hall of the Mountain King: I have also written something for the scene in the hall of the mountain King something that I literally cant bear listening to because it absolutely reeks of cow-pies, exaggerated Norwegian nationalism, and trollish self-satisfaction! But I have a hunch that the irony will be discernible. [8] Griegs popularà Holberg Suiteà was originally written for the piano, and later arranged by the composer forà stringà orchestra. Grieg wrote songs, in which he set lyrics by poetsà Heinrich Heine,à Johann Wolfgang von Goethe,à Henrik Ibsen,à Hans Christian Andersen,Rudyard Kiplingà and others. Russian composerà Nikolai Myaskovskyà used a theme by Grieg for the variations with which he closed his Third String Quartet. - List of selected works Main article:à List of compositions by Edvard Grieg * Piano Sonata in E minor, Op. 7 * Violin Sonata No. 1 in F major, Op. 8 * Concertà Overtureà In Autumn, Op. 11 * Violin Sonata No. 2 in G major, Op. 13 * Piano Concerto in A minor, Op. 6 * Incidental musicà toà Bjornstjerne Bjornsons playà Sigurd Jorsalfar, Op. 22 * Incidental music to Henrik Ibsens playà Peer Gynt, Op. 23 * Ballade in the Form of Variationsà on a Norwegian Folk Songà in G minor, Op. 24 * String Quartetà in G minor, Op. 27 * Album for Male Chorus, Op. 30 * Two Elegiac Melodies for Strings, Op. 34 * Fourà Norwegian Dancesà for piano four hands, Op. 35 (later orchestra ted) * Cello Sonata in A minor, Op. 36 * Holberg Suiteà for piano, later arr. for string orchestra, Op. 40 * Violin Sonata No. 3 in C minor, Op. 45 * Peer Gyntà Suiteà No. 1, Op. 6 * Lyric Suite for Orchestra, Op. 54 (orchestration of fourà Lyric Pieces) * Peer Gyntà Suiteà No. 2, Op. 55 * Suite fromà Sigurd Jorsalfar, Op. 56 * Fourà Symphonic Dancesà for piano, later arr. for orchestra, Op. 64 * Haugtussaà Song Cycle afterà Arne Garborg, Op. 67 * Slatterà (Peasant Dances) for piano, Op. 72 * Sixty-sixà Lyric Piecesà for piano in ten books, Opp. 12, 38, 43, 47, 54, 57, 62, 65, 68 and 71, including:à Arietta,à To the Spring,à Little Bird,à Butterfly,à Notturno,à Wedding Day at Troldhaugen,à At Your Feet,à Longing For Home,à March of the Dwarfs,à Poeme erotiqueà andà Gone. amywallace1920http://www.blogger.com/profile/03978755181407357959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7035842482657497549.post-68145142350323131262019-11-29T02:05:00.001-08:002019-11-29T02:05:03.392-08:00Skoda Auto Essays - Hatchbacks, Subcompact Cars, Station Wagons Skoda Auto Skoda Auto The story of Skoda is one of struggle and success. Skoda enjoys a century-long history of motor vehicle manufacturing in a small town in the Czech Republic, about sixty kilometers outside the cultural and tourist center of Prague. Despite early achievements, times became much harder during the former socialist era. The physical plant fell into disrepair and quality declined. However, this tale in one of transformation, and Skoda has once again become very successful in a joint venture partnership with the large German manufacturer Volkswagen (Mendenhall and Oddou, 379). At the beginning of 1895 mechanic Vclav Laurin and bookseller Vclav Klement began producing bicycles "Slavia" in Mlada Boleslav.In the next few years, 1899, the firm Laurin Klement decided to manufacture also motorcycles, which leaded to success in many international competitions. After first attempt at the turn of the century the firm started to manufacture cars. In 1905, Laurin Klement introduced their first car, Voiturette A, which became very successful between Czech classical veteran cars. Its production grew so fast that soon L K overstepped the scope of the family business. Skoda 420 Popular In 1907 the founders implemented the business transaction to joint-stock company. In 1920s, the need for merge with stronger industrial partners was expressed that, in 1925, Laurin and Klement merged with Skoda Plzen (Pilsner). In the following years the modernize manufacturing did not only include cars, but also trucks, buses, air engines, and agriculture machinery. In 1930 the car production in the scope of concern was earned many credits. Creation of Joint Company for Automobile Industry (JCAI) after the world industrial crisis leaded for the success on the international market with new models of Skoda, Skoda 422 and 420 Popular. The World War II had broken this development, which damage the civil program and oriented the production of the war equipment. The JCIA Skoda became the part of German concern Hermann-Goring-Werke and fully did have to orient to the war equipment. Besides the preparation of the various parts of guns, Skoda manufactured also different kinds of terrain vehicles, such as heavy tractors and towing vehicles, tanks, etc. Skoda 1101 After World War II the JCIA was changed to Automobile Factory/National Company (AFNC) Skoda. Skoda started to manufacture new models, Skoda 1101/1102 Tudor, which had got along with the technical success of the prewar years. During the 1950s and 1960s, Skoda again introduced new models, Skoda 1200, Spartak, Octavia, Felicia, as well as Skoda 1000MB. New increase of production, more than million of vehicles, was made by introducing Skoda 782 Favorit to the market in 1987 together with Forman 785 and Pickup 787. After the political changes of 1989 in the Czech Republic, Skoda in Mlada Boleslav began seeking in the new condition of market economy strong international partner that could guarantee with its experience and investments long-term international competitiveness of the company. In December of 1990 Czech government decided for the cooperation with German concern Volkswagen. On April 16, 1991, Skoda, joint-venture, began its forth brand concern with among such well-known companies as VW, AUDI and Seat. (Web Skoda) The goal of the venture was to transfer knowledge and expertise to locals from German expatriates on temporary assignment. "Czech and German managers were paired as part of a "tandem system" for the purpose of exchanging "know-how" (Mendenhall and Oddou, 380)." According to a Czech manager, the phase of the know-how transfer is finished sot he number of expatriates is decreasing, and before 1999 should be small group of foreign managers here who are focused on strategic issues. Both Czechs and Germans agree that the effectiveness of the tandem system is related to the personalities of individual managers, and to the level of knowledge possessed by the German expatriate. Thanks to the modernized measures in management marketing, as well as in the manufacturing process, Skoda Favorit was replaced by Skoda Felicia that with its quality and design was appropriate for the international market. Also other preparations were made for second model rows, low middle-class Octavia that was introduced on the Czech market by the end of 1996 and two year after Skoda Octavia-Combi. Favorit Vehicles manufactured by Skoda Auto are currently sold in 64 markets worldwide. "Impressive sales figures underscore the continued success of the Czech subsidiary of the Volkswagen Group." (Web Skoda) Vehicles deliveries set again a new half-year record: the sale of approximately 200,000 vehicles during the first six months of 1999 represents an increase of 10.6 percent over the previous record of 180,342 automobile. Skoda Auto achieved its greatest growth in Western Europe where a total of 101,534 vehicles were sold, 20.2 percent up from the amywallace1920http://www.blogger.com/profile/03978755181407357959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7035842482657497549.post-75277064941983531272019-11-25T09:39:00.001-08:002019-11-25T09:39:04.294-08:00Female Foeticide Essay ExampleFemale Foeticide Essay Example Female Foeticide Essay Female Foeticide Essay Work is worship means that all labour, manual or otherwise, is full of dignity and nobility. It equals work with prayer. It emphasizes the point that empty verbal prayers are not as valuable as real achievement in any fields. Many people in the present generation, however, have a mistaken idea that manual labor is undignified. The higher and the middle classes in our country are apt to look down upon the manual work done by the poorer classes to earn their daily bread.Though in these hard days when the struggle for existence is getting keener and keener, the old ideas about respectability are fast giving place to new ones, yet educated young men are still very slow in appreciating the dignity of labour. They would rather starve than earn their living by honest labour by taking to humble pursuits like dairy-farming, poultry farming etc. , in which illiterate people have so far been generally engaged. Now, when we talk of dignity of labour, we mean manual work such as has to be done by the cultivator, the artisan or the craftsman.But why should physical labour be regarded as less respectable than mental labour? Is not the very production of food we eat dependant on the hard and tough labour of the farmers? such is the hold of customs and old practices in our society that the man who works continually day and night, in sun and rain, to produce the corn which keeps us alive, is looked down as mere labour by the self-styled higher classes. In the western countries, people do recognise the dignity of labour. There is no servant class in the West. The people of the higher classes, ladies and gentlemen, have to do their household work themselves.They do not feel offended in doing this. It is only in countries like India that this theory has to be continually preached. There are many people in our country who consider it beneath their dignity to do their own purchases from the market or brush their own shoes or wash their own clothes. Such a false idea of dignity is not only foolish but is also positively harmful in the sense that it shows a mentality that makes us despise the so-called lower classes who serve us. No profession by itself is high and low, dignified and undignified.It is the way in which we pursue it, that makes it sacred or otherwise. Ever since the beginning of history man has been struggling hard to improve his lot. He has fought against the forces of nature all these centuries. And he has already controlled or conquered many of these forces. He has toiled hard and suffered a lot. He has done very heavy tasks, although hard physical labour is not considered respectable. Again, the achievements of science in various fields are the fruits of continued human effort. Man, a small weak creature, is today the master of the world. Why? Because he has worked hard.He has never remained satisfied with what he has achieved. He has always gone on advancing into new fields. His spirit of enquiry is unlimited. he has solved numberless difficul t problems, he has increased his spiritual and mental powers. How has he done this? By constant work. The modern man cannot give up the world. His method of prayer is different. Old religions cannot satisfy him. They cannot solve his problems. So the new religion that he follows is that of worshiping through work. All labour is regarded as dignified in the present age in every progressive country of the world. amywallace1920http://www.blogger.com/profile/03978755181407357959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7035842482657497549.post-45064679137189058712019-11-21T17:03:00.001-08:002019-11-21T17:03:04.851-08:00Question 6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 wordsQuestion 6 - Essay Example n (1932 ) AC 562, where the question arouse whether a manufacturer of soft drinks could be held liable for negligence by consumer, Lord Aktins ruled, ââ¬Å"You must take reasonable care to avoid acts or omissions which you can reasonably foresee would be likely to injure your neighbor.â⬠(Donoghue v. Stevenson (1932). 2006) In the case of physical injuries caused to the applicant by the broken stage, it could be said that Mulder could take action for negligence against Dana, the occupier and owner of the hotel. It is incumbent that Dana should have, with reasonable care and prudence, realized that the floor of the stage should be of strong construction to withstand heavy weight. However, in the case of injuries suffered due to lack of care of his friend, Skimmer, the test of vulnerability and control test needs to be applied. In this case, the defendant, Dana had no possible means of controlling Skinnerââ¬â¢s entry, although she had taken the degree of care expected during such a situation. This being a case of Res Ipsa Loquitur (the truth speaks for itself), it is seen that Danaââ¬â¢s involvement would be limited to the stage accident and for the second accident, Mulder would have to bring action against Skinner, should he think it necessary to do so, for injuries sustained during to negligence and lack of care by Skinner. When Skinner entered the movie hall, he had entered a tacit contract with the owners. The injury caused to Skinner was not due to the lack of care, or negligence of the hotel authorities, since it was a stray incident, and unbiased research testified to the fact that there were no earlier records of such kind. Moreover, it was also outside the control of hotel authorities. In this case the question of foresee ability also comes to the forefront. The hotel owner, Dana, by any stretch of imagination, could have possibly imagined that Skinner would be bitten by a stray bee and suffer injuries. In the case of Overseas Tankship (UK) Ltd v. Mortââ¬â¢s amywallace1920http://www.blogger.com/profile/03978755181407357959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7035842482657497549.post-47302404771244418632019-11-20T15:44:00.001-08:002019-11-20T15:44:04.253-08:00What is the benefit to join the army Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 wordsWhat is the benefit to join the army - Essay Example Human beings need to meet their safety needs. In effect, the assurance that the Army meets their healthcare needs inevitably makes them meet their social needs according to Maslowââ¬â¢s hierarchy of needs. In this regard, not only does the Army provide healthcare to its personnel but also caters for the healthcare needs of their immediate family members. Education: The ROTC program is enough evidence that there are chances in the Army to further education. In this regard, individuals should not worry that their chances of pursuing further education end after joining the Army once they completed college. In this case, members of the US military are eligible to join any education program with full tuition coverage met by the Army. Vacation and Travel: We all need time to travel and unwind once in awhile. The Army provides individuals serving thirty days leave every year. Thus, individuals will get a chance to travel and go for vacation around the world. College Loan Repayment: Some studies indicate that a majority of Americans spend a lot of time working to repay their education loans. However, the Army pays loans up to $65,000. Retirement Benefits: We all want to retire peacefully and have earnings that will sustain us through the rest of our life. The Army provides a beautiful retirement package to thank individuals for service as they integrate themselves in civilian life. This section outlines the overheads acetates that we will use to capture the attention of the program attendants in order to capture their attention. Prerequisites for admission to any ROTC program according to Go Army: It is only fair to evaluate the effectiveness of the training program by getting feedback from the audience. In this regard, the best method to use will be the method that Campbell and Stanley called the One-Shot Case Study (ac cited in Seel, 2011). In effect, we will focus on assessment and evaluation of some levels such as amywallace1920http://www.blogger.com/profile/03978755181407357959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7035842482657497549.post-88078165902514583882019-11-18T13:48:00.001-08:002019-11-18T13:48:05.000-08:00Film Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 wordsFilm Critique - Essay Example much as the ethics vary from place to place and from person to another, a proper comprehension of the ethical values of your environment or that of the immediate society becomes a vital concern. This is important since it ensures a common or a mutual coexistence in such societies despite differences. The ââ¬Å"Ideas of Marchâ⬠had been branded a fateful day in the Roman Empire calendar which also had a correspondence to other calendar dates. During this day, Stephen Meyers (Gov. Morris campaign manager), Paul Zara (Gov. Morris campaign aide) and Tom Duffy, (Pullmanââ¬â¢s campaign manager) are presented in a campaign in which their ethical standards are subjected to a rigor of scrutiny. A thorough examination of the conduct of the three characters during their campaigns reveals that they have all broken the ethical standards. To begin with appears the rumpled Zara Paul (Philip Seymour Hoffman), who is Morrisââ¬â¢s Chief assistant campaign manager. Paul Zara is described as a quite confident and a more devoted admirer of the governor and highlights on the key issues during his speech. The speech addresses the big issues such as military performance, global warming and taxation. However, the address of such issues has been common during the US elections. The latter entails chicanery, blackmail, inappropriate sex, bribery and as a result coerce many individuals to compromise not only their personalities but also declared principles hence sacrifice their ambitions in exchange for survival. The act of pushing individuals into decisions that do not auger well with their will amounts to break of ethical codes and standards set by a particular society. On the other hand, Stephen Myers (Ryan Gosling) appears to the podium where he begins his speech. On the podium, Stephen Myers begins his speech by addressing his religious preferences after which he begins to whistle and whisper into the microphone. Religion is a critical matter in most people lives as it is known to be the amywallace1920http://www.blogger.com/profile/03978755181407357959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7035842482657497549.post-51183087904047097652019-11-16T02:21:00.001-08:002019-11-16T02:21:13.408-08:00Mental Health Social WorkMental Health Social Work This research paper is going to look at the social work profession and specifically deal with mental health social work. In researching on the subject, I will use books and articles to get secondary information and at the same time carry out an interview with two social workers that are involved with mental health patients and clients. One of the social workers has a bachelors degree in social work while the other one holds a masters degree in social work. Carrying out the interview will require posing a few questions which are listed below. What is the social work profession in general all about? What other or extra duties are social workers expected to perform? How many categories of social workers are there in the profession? What does a mental health worker specialize in? What is the connection between a mental health social worker and a substance abuse social worker? What are the services that one would expect to get when visiting a mental health social worker? Give me a short briefing of the nature of your work as a social worker? How is your work related to the outside and regular work environment? What are the challenges that most mental health workers face in their jobs? What requirements does one need to get into this profession? Are there any exceptions for entry-level jobs in small agencies or community work? Is there a specific amount of field experience required beforehand seeing as one gets to handle clients directly? What other qualifications does one need apart from the educational and professional ones? Are there any personal skills advantageous to this profession? Is there any advancement opportunities in the mental health social work profession and what are they? Essay Social work is a profession which is most suitable for individuals who have a strong urge and desire to help improve the lives of other people. Therefore, social workers are the professionals who help people in coping with their day to day lives and solving their personal, family and relationship problems. In additions, there is another group of social workers that helps the clients in dealing with disabilities and life threatening or fatal diseases as well as social problems such as drug abuse and unemployment. As a result, they also end up being involved in the conducting of research, advocating for improved services and involvement in the planning and/or policy development. Basically, most of the social workers concentrate in supplying their services to a particular population or in operating in a specific background. Social workers are generally involved in different areas of practice according to ones preference. These categories are mental health, elderly, education, political, medical or slums dwellers. If they have the right State mandated license, these workers are referred to as licensed clinical social workers in spite of whichever setting they are in. Mental health social workers, who are often paired up with the substance abuse social workers, are the ones who treat people affected with mental illness or substance abuse problems. The reason why mental and substance abuse social workers are paired up is because more often than not, substance abuse leads to addiction and most experts concur that addiction is a brain disease. The services offered by these social workers include individual and group therapy, crisis intervention, outreach, social rehabilitation and outreach programs. In addition, they help in planning for supportive services so as to make it easier for the clients when they leave the in-patient facilities to rejoin the community and also provide services to help the family members of their clients cope with the situation. Although most mental health workers are flexible to work in whichever setting that they are comfortable with, they usually spend most of their time in an office or a residential facility. Some of them work in outpatient facilities whereby the patients come for the treatment and medicine then leave while others work in inpatient facilities whereby the clients reside within the facility until they are well enough to go back home. In regard to the normal work environment, there are a few mental health workers who work in employee-assistance programs in which case they help people cope with job-related pressures or with personal problems that may affect the quality of their work production. Several other workers are involved in private practice where they get employed directly by a particular client. Workers may also travel locally to visit their clients, meet with service providers and attend meetings. Even though most of the mental social workers are greatly satisfied after offering their services, the job can sometimes be very challenging. Social work, and especially in the mental health specialty, does not have a lot of professionals. Due to this, there is a regular understaffing and build up of large case load in some of the agencies thus leading to too much pressure on the available workers. Full time social work requires one to work a standard 40-hour week but due to the nature of the job, one is at times obligated to work during the evenings and weekends meeting with clients, attending community meetings and handling emergencies. Moreover, in the working with some patients especially in the mental health institutions can prove to be challenging and at times impossible. This is especially when dealing with a chronically ill patient who is unwilling to co-operate and is difficult to handle and manage. In such a case, external help might be required to calm down such a patient and acts such as man-handling and injecting them with sedatives have to be executed so as to return things back to normality. (Golightley, 159) Just like any other profession, social workers also have minimum requirements so as to be permitted full entry into the occupation. Although some positions necessitate one to have an advanced degree, the most common minimum requirement is on average a bachelors degree in social work (BSW) which is sufficient for entry into the field. However there are a few exceptions whereby a major in psychology, sociology or related fields can qualify one for some entry-level jobs in small community agencies. On the other hand, a masters degree in social work (MSW) is characteristically vital for one to get positions in both the health and teaching fields as well as in clinical work. Furthermore, for teaching position in colleges or universities, one would need a doctorate in social work (DSW or PhD). A certified bachelors degree program requires a minimum of 400 hours of supervised field experience while a masters degree program includes a minimum of 900 hours of supervised field instruction. Thi s prepares the graduates for employment in their chosen field of specialty and helps them continue developing the skills required to execute clinical assessments, handle and supervise large case loads as well as explore new ways of using social services that are helpful to the clients. In addition to the educational qualifications, all states have licensing, certification or registration requirements regarding the use of professional titles. Most of the states call for 2 years of supervised clinical experience for any social worker to be given a license. However, one does not only need professional and educational qualifications to successfully practice a socially and emotionally challenging career of mental health social work. One also needs to have certain personal skills and traits. First and foremost, a mental health social worker should be objective and at the same time sensitive to other people and the problems they are dealing with. It is also helpful to both the social worker and the client to possess calm temperament, quiet disposition and be very patient. A social worker should also be emotionally mature, be able to manage responsibilities and to maintain good working relations with both clients and coworkers. In terms of advancement, a mental health work er can progress to become a supervisor of other workers, a program manager or an executive director of a mental health institution. In the case where one has reached a retiring age or is unable to work in a health institution, there are other career options such as teaching, consulting, researching or going into private practice. In conclusion, despite the social work profession and most especially the area of mental health not being as popular as other careers such as medicine or law, it is just as important in the community as the others. Mental health social workers contribute greatly to the community in undertaking a task that most people do not have the heart, disposition or courage to do. If more people were to delve into the profession, the community and the families dealing with mental illnesses would benefit significantly. NAME : Kerril Sommerville. LOCATION : Monmouth Medical Center, Long Branch, New Jersey. PHONE : +1 800 732-922-7300 EMAIL : [emailprotected] amywallace1920http://www.blogger.com/profile/03978755181407357959noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7035842482657497549.post-35436203892156161752019-11-13T14:52:00.001-08:002019-11-13T14:52:04.262-08:00Brigate Rosse, or Red Brigade :: essays research papers fcTable of Contents I.à à à à à Introductionâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦..1 . II.à à à à à History & Ideologyâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦1 III.à à à à à Activitiesâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.. 2 IV.à à à à à Strength and Area of Operationâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦3 V.à à à à à Conclusionâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦3 VI.à à à à à Bibliographyâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.4 Introduction à à à à à During the 1970ââ¬â¢s and 1980ââ¬â¢s, great fear had been spread throughout Italy. A group known as the Brigate Rosse, or Red Brigade, had developed and left its mark on the Italian political scene. Fear was commonplace as bomb plots, kneecappings, and assassinations became the norm. As we go through this paper, the fascinating yet horrifying story, including the history, ideology, and current activity of the Red Brigade will be told. History & Ideology à à à à à The history of the Red Brigade can be traced back to the year 1969. It arose out of the student protest movements of the late 60ââ¬â¢s. It was a Marxist-Leninist group whose aim was to separate Italy from the Western Alliance. It borrowed the name, methods, and moral justifications from the earlier Italian Resistance movement during World War II. It's ideology advocated violence in the service of class warfare and revolution, and with Italy in political turmoil at the time, the Red Brigades enjoyed a certain degree of support from the Left. When the group first formed, it mostly concentrated on the assassinations and kidnappings of Italian Government members and private-sector targets, such as judges, corporate executives, university professors, and policemen. The idea behind that was to instill fear in the normal working class. That fear would not have been seen had the targets been a head of a company or a prime minister. Very few would have been afraid of th at same fate. During the years of 1975 to 1981, Italy experienced the worst the group had to offer. These years are affectionately known as the Years of Lead. It is a clear reference to the bullets that killed close to five hundred people during this period. Activities While a civil war was slowly burning throughout Italy, the Red Brigade, causing an entire society to live in fear, dealt out nearly eight thousand terrorist attacks. In addition to the aforementioned private sector targets, the Red Brigade conducted kidnappings and murders on high political targets, as well. In 1978, the Red Brigades kidnapped the former prime minister of Italy, Aldo Moro. He was held captive for nearly two months, before his body was finally dumped in the heart of Rome. Unfortunately for the Red Brigade, this had an adverse affect on its supporters, and the party quickly lost the support it had enjoyed earlier that decade. This did not stop them, however, as in 1981, Red Brigades operatives managed to kidnap General James Dozier, an American who held a position with NATO in Italy. amywallace1920http://www.blogger.com/profile/03978755181407357959noreply@blogger.com0